Pearl oysters and pearl production techniques- Winter School on Recent Advances in Breeding and Larviculture of Marine Finfish and Shellfish

Pearl oysters are soft bodied marine pearl producing bivalve mollusk with hard protective shell. These animals produce pearls. About 29 species of pearl oysters are available in the world and distributed in tropical and subtropical regions

भारत में पिंक्टाडा फ्यूकाटा मुक़्ता शुक़्ति से जैवप्रौद्योगिकी अनुप्रयोग से मोती उत्पादन

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Mussel culture

The annual production of mussels, which was 10,000 tonnes in the early 1990's, doubled by 2002 through increased exploitation and farming. Among the maritime states, maximum production is along the Keralacoast. C.M.F.R.I has conducted demonstration progranunes in open sea and estuarine fanning of mussels by using rack, raft and long line methods. Hatchery production of seed by induced maturation, induced spawning and larval rearing has also been achieved. The method of harvcsting, processing and the nutritional value of mussel meat are given in this paper

शंबु कृषि में महिला स्वयं सहायक ग्रूप-भारत के तटीय जनता के लिए रोज़गार एवं आमदनी

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Marine pearl production in India

Pearl is a valuable and beautiful gift of the sea. The pearl is formed inside a pearl oyster as a result of secretion of the mantle tissue

A cursory study of the bulk and glaze composition plus metal leaching properties of a selection of antique, vintage and present day food and drink ceramic wares using XRF, FTIR, ²⁷Al, ²⁹Si, ³¹P MAS NMR and ICP-MS for providing a characterisation of the types of domestic ceramic ware used in New Zealand currently

The ceramic utensils used for eating and drinking such as plates, cups, bowls and other items have been a fundamental part of many societies since ancient times. The word “ceramics” is itself derived from the Greek word κεραμικός (“Keramikos”)¹ meaning “of or for pottery”. The art of making ceramics dates back thousands of years with evidence of pottery from 20,000 years ago² being reported recently from Xianrendong Cave in China. Ceramics manufacture depends on a source of various materials, namely clay, e.g. kaolinite, silica and feldspar.³ When these clay and mineral materials are mixed and soaked in water with removal of the excess water, a wet clay is produced which can then be fashioned into the desired shapes using moulds. Water is then removed via drying and the articles fired at temperatures up to 1170 °C during which complex chemical transformations occur in the clay with physical changes in the added silica and feldspar. Kaolinite (Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄ ) is converted via a series of precursor compounds to mullite (Al₆Si₂O₁₃) and cristobalite (SiO₂). The feldspar acts as a flux with the alkali metal ion content (Na₂O, K₂O and CaO) causing a lowering of the melting point of the silica early on in the firing process. This melt effectively forms a glass which then draws the individual particles of the fired mixture together and additionally reacts with them so giving the ceramic body strength (when it cools) and reducing porosity

Impregnated nets cannot fully substitute for DDT : field effectiveness of Malaria prevention in Solomon Islands

The incidence of malaria in Solomon Islands has been declining since 1992, but there is a large geographical variation between areas in the incidence level and the rate of decline. The authors used a mix of control interventions, including DDT residual house spraying and insecticide-treated mosquito nets. Data on monthly incidence and control activities performed from January 1993 to August 1999 were gathered for 41 out of the 110 malaria zones in the country. Monthly reports on the number of fevers seen at outpatient health clinics in the same zones over the same period were also extracted from the clinical health information system. The authors used multivariate random effects regression, including calendar month as an instrumental variable, to investigate the relationship between the number of malaria or fever cases and the control measures applied by month and zone, while adjusting for rainfall and proximity to water. The results showed that DDT house spraying, insecticide treatment of nets, and education about malaria were all independently associated with reduction in incident cases of malaria or fever, while larviciding with temephos was not. This was true for confirmed malaria cases even when a variable representing the passage of time was included in the models. The results show how much each method used was contributing to malaria control in Solomon Islands and how it can be used to design the most cost-effective package of interventions. The evidence suggests that impregnated bednets cannot easily replace DDT spraying without substantial increase in incidence, but impregnated nets do permit a substantial reduction in the amount of DDT spraying.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Public Health Promotion,Climate Change,Disease Control&Prevention,Early Child and Children's Health,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Climate Change,Malaria,Early Child and Children's Health,Health Indicators

मोलस्क मात्स्यिकी के न्यायिक प्रबन्धन की आवश्यकता और मोलस्क मात्स्यिकी के टिकऊपन के लिए पालन का विकास

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Mussel seed resources of India and seeding methods

Commercial farming of mussel is dependent on the availability of seed. The natural spat fall is considered to be the primary source of seed. Although technology for production of mussel seed in hatchery has been perfected but it is not economically viable for commercial farming

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