Association of Small Dense LDL with Coronary Artery Disease and Diabetes in Urban Asian Indians - The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES-8)

Objective: Earlier studies in Europeans have identified small dense LDL to be associated with coronary artery disease and diabetes. In this study we assessed the association of small dense LDL with diabetes and CAD in Asian Indians. Methods: Study subjects were selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES), a population based study on representative sample of Chennai city in southern India. Group 1:non-diabetic subjects (n=30); Group 2: diabetic subjects without CAD (n=30); Group 3:diabetic subjects with CAD (n=30). LDL subfractions were estimated using LipoPrint LDL system. LDL subfractions 3 and above, defined as small dense LDL was summed up to determine the overall small LDL. 75th percentile of the overall small dense LDL in non-diabetic subjects was used as a cut-off for defining elevated levels of small dense LDL. Results: The mean age of the study subjects was not significantly different among groups. Overall small dense LDL was significantly higher in diabetic subjects with CAD (16.7 ± 11.1 mg/dl, p<0.05) and without CAD (11.1 ± 8.0 mg/dl, p<0.05) compared to non-diabetic subjects without CAD (7.2 ± 6.8 mg/dl). Small dense LDL showed a positive correlation with fasting plasma glucose (r=0.252, p=0.023), HbA1c (r=0.281, p=0.012), total cholesterol (r=0.443, p<0.001), triglycerides(r=0.685, p<0.001), LDL(r=0.342, p=0.002), total cholesterol/HDL ratio (r=0.660, p=<0.001) and triglycerides/HDL ratio(r=0.728, p<0.001) and a negative correlation with HDL cholesterol (r= -0.341, p=0.002) and QUICKI values (r= -0.260, p=0.019). ROC curves constructed to predict elevated small dense LDL ((9.0 mg/dl) revealed that triglycerides/HDL ratio and total cholesterol/HDL ratio had higher AUC values compared to other parameters. A triglycerides/HDL ratio of 3.0 had the optimum sensitivity (80.0%) and specificity (78.0%) for detecting elevated small dense LDL. Conclusion: This data suggests that in Asian Indians, small dense LDL is associated with both diabetes and CAD and that a triglycerides/HDL ratio (3.0 could serve a surrogate marker of small dense LDL

Diesel Engine Emission Model Transient Cycle Validation

A control intended data driven B-spline model for NOx and soot emitted was developed and validated for the 5-cylinder, 2.4-litre Volvo passenger car diesel engine in earlier work. This work extends on the same methodology with some improvements on the model structure for more intuitive calibration and is also developed for the new generation 4-cylinder, 2- litre Volvo passenger car diesel engine. The earlier model was validated using steady state engine measurements and proposed that the model would hold good for transient engine operation. The hypothesis formulated is that a transient engine emission model can be envisioned as a sequence of multi-step steady state engine operation points with minor deviations from the nominal engine operating conditions. The theory is supported by the literature that provides more insight into the transient operation. This idea is carried out in the current work using engine test cell measurements validated for a NEDC as well as a normal road drive cycle that depicts a more transient driving behaviour in comparison to the standard emission driving cycles. Nearly 4600 engine operating points with steady state measurement including nominal and deviant conditions have been used in the development of the model. The ability of the data driven approach to mimic the engine emission generation characteristics during the engine transient operation is analysed and its superior performance in comparison to the Nominal model and the Regression model is demonstrated

Electrochemistry at nanoscale electrodes : individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and SWNT-templated metal nanowires

Individual nanowires (NWs) and native single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be readily used as well-defined nanoscale electrodes (NSEs) for voltammetric analysis. Here, the simple photolithography-free fabrication of submillimeter long Au, Pt, and Pd NWs, with sub-100 nm heights, by templated electrodeposition onto ultralong flow-aligned SWNTs is demonstrated. Both individual Au NWs and SWNTs are employed as NSEs for electron-transfer (ET) kinetic quantification, using cyclic voltammetry (CV), in conjunction with a microcapillary-based electrochemical method. A small capillary with internal diameter in the range 30–70 μm, filled with solution containing a redox-active mediator (FcTMA+ ((trimethylammonium)methylferrocene), Fe(CN)64–, or hydrazine) is positioned above the NSE, so that the solution meniscus completes an electrochemical cell. A 3D finite-element model, faithfully reproducing the experimental geometry, is used to both analyze the experimental CVs and derive the rate of heterogeneous ET, using Butler–Volmer kinetics. For a 70 nm height Au NW, intrinsic rate constants, k0, up to ca. 1 cm s–1 can be resolved. Using the same experimental configuration the electrochemistry of individual SWNTs can also be accessed. For FcTMA+/2+ electrolysis the simulated ET kinetic parameters yield very fast ET kinetics (k0 > 2 ± 1 cm s–1). Some deviation between the experimental voltammetry and the idealized model is noted, suggesting that double-layer effects may influence ET at the nanoscale

Customers Preference Towards Four Wheelers

Car industry in India faces stiff competition. In order to survive in the competitive scenario manufacturers have understand the features considered by the customers before purchasing a car. Thus, an earnest attempt has been made in this study to understand the customer preference before purchasing a car. The result of the study disclose that customers give due importance for look and style, transmission, availability of spares and mileage

A Study on Influence of Personal Profile Variables on Emotional Intelligence Ofarts and Science College Students

Purpose: To assess the level of emotional intelligence among Arts and Science College students as well as the influence of personal profile traits on emotional intelligence in those students.   Theoretical framework:  Variables like Education, Area of residence, Gender, Age, Family monthly income, Father Educational Qualification influence the Emotional Intelligence of the Students   Design/methodology/Approach:   Purposive sampling, T- test, F- Test   Findings: This research has added to the body of knowledge about emotion-related personality differences among arts and science college students studying in various streams, and how they differ in various ways   Research, Practical  &amp;  Social  Implications: Emotional intelligence should be taught through various workshops, Community-wide awareness programmes should be organized   Originality/Value: Establishing Emotional Intelligence-based results across several streams can aid in achieving a better balance between a student's personality and their academic stream of choice. Academic success and professional advancement are made easier with this balance. Emotional intelligence testing may also aid in the development of self-reflection and increased understanding of one's own personality

GROWING TRENDS IN EQUITY DERIVATIVE MARKETS IN INDIA – SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FUTURES AND OPTIONS IN NSE

The equity derivative market has grown at a greater rate than average in recent years, driven by developments including more investor engagement, more liberalization, and more improved technology. In light of this expansion, the following trends that are reshaping this sector of the financial industry can be identified. In the span of only five years, India\u27s participation in the equity derivatives market has skyrocketed, going from almost nonexistent to a world leader. This expansion was made possible, in large part, by the 2019 transition from monthly to weekly contract expiration. In light of the above, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the increase in the trading volume and turnover of equity derivatives over the past decade. The research is based on secondary data supplied by NSE regarding the yearly turnover of equity derivatives during a 10-year period. This study analyzed trends in the equities derivatives market using data collected from the NSE website and a linear regression model. Researchers typically consider a ten-year term to be enough for identifying significant market adjustments, therefore that is how long we based our data gathering on. Researchers learned crucial things about the patterns of evolution of equity derivatives, which helped both analysts and investors make better decisions. In order to understand market dynamics and predict future trends in the stock derivatives market, the research findings will provide crucial information. Investor interest in Equity derivatives financial instruments has led to a positive market expansion in the last 10 years. The future market opportunities can be predicted through analysis of past decade trends and patterns which will identify major market growth drivers. Stakeholders can create logical decisions for the equity derivatives market through this data-intensive method which helps them adapt their investment approaches to market evolution

Formulation of Esomeprazole Sustain Release tablets using guar gum, xanthan gum and pectin

Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used in dyspepsia. The approach of the present study was to make a comparative evaluation among concentration of Natural polymers like xanthum gum, guar-gum and pectin and to assess the effect of physico-chemical nature of the active ingredients on the drug release profile. The angle of repose, compressibility index and sieve analysis results shown that the formulation is suitable for direct compression. This study have been showed that Esomeprazole could be used in sustained release drug delivery system by formulating it has sustained drug delivery system, provides extended duration of action in therapeutic range without reaching toxic levels as in the case of conventional dosage forms. These dosage forms have the ability to reduce the dosing frequency and increasing. The technique employed in the preparation of matrix system i.e. direct compression, is highly practical and economical from the industry point of view. The sustainability of the drug with Guar gum as a sustaining polymer at a concentration of 60 mg was found to show good sustainability when compared to the all other formulation, as it showed 99% drug release for 24 hrs. The optimized formulation dissolution data was subjected to release kinetics; from the release kinetics data it was evident that the formulation followed Higuchi mechanism of drug release. Success of the In vitro drug release studies recommends the product for further In vivo studies, it may improve patient compliance

Grape Seed Chemical Composition and Its Activity on Different Leukemia Cell Lines: A Review

Recent researches on natural chemicals as potential cancer drugs has been focused on grape seeds, a plant-derived extract with a complex chemical structure and health benefits. Grape seeds are rich in bioactive compounds that have potential health-promoting effects. The combination of polyphenols, flavonoids, and procyanidins in grape seeds results in a powerful collection of antioxidants. Polyphenols, particularly proanthocyanidins, have significant potential in cancer research. Flavonoid compounds, such as catechin and epicatechin, exhibit significant antioxidant activity and are considered promising candidates for both the prevention and treatment of cancer. Leukemia, a blood cancer characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of white blood cells, presents significant problems due to the limited availability of effective therapeutic interventions. Grape seed extracts have been investigated for their potential in combating various cancer cell lines, including leukemia. The study of grape seed extracts has revealed intricate mechanisms of action, such as apoptosis induction, which acts as a protective mechanism against cancer cell proliferation. The complex interaction between bioactive compounds found in grape seeds and specific molecular targets within JURKAT cells presents opportunities for the development of novel drugs for treating leukemia. This review gives insight the potential effects of grape seed components on cancer cell lines, specifically leukemia, focusing on K562, HL60, and JURKAT cell lines

Analysis and Performance Validation of CRONE Controllers for Speed Control of a DC Motor

In recent decades controllers play a major role for an efficient control and reliable operation of an industrial process. Hence in this paper, a special kind of Commande Robuste d’Ordre Non Entier (CRONE) controller is designed for controlling the speed of DC Motor (DCM). The proper design procedure of two generations CRONE control strategies named as First-Generation CRONE (FGC) and Second-Generation CRONE (SGC) controllers are implemented through the transfer function of armature-controlled DCM. Simulations are performed on MATLAB software in order to investigate the servo responses of two designed CRONE controllers, besides the results are presented in terms of settling time(ts), rise time(tr), Integral Square Error (ISE) and Integral Absolute Error (IAE). In addition, the relay PI controller is designed and the simulation results are presented for comparison purpose. It is evident from the comparing results that the SGC controller is superior for effective process control

A Study on Occupational Stress among Arts and Science College Faculties in Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu

Purpose:The goal of this research is to explore the occupational stress level of faculties working in Arts and Science College in Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India. Teachers of any country are respectable and they are valuables to their country. Tomorrow’s nation is in the hands of the teachers who sculpt the students. Among all the profession in the world, there is a significant place for teaching profession. Recent days, teacher’s job is also like a managerial job as they play a multi-dimensional work commitment. In that case, the stress of the teacher’s can’t be avoided, but it can be nullified when they know how to control it.   Theoretical framework:The theoretical framework highlights the directions in carrying out the research. It shows the factors of occupational stress are independent variables and the facilities of Arts and Science colleges are dependent variables. The relationships between the variables are studied in this research.   Design/Methodology/Approach:The primary sources of the data are collected through personal interview and structured questionnaire and the statistical analysis is carried out through Percentage analysis, T-test and correlation.   Findings:From the study it is found that occupational stress of female faculties is high when compared with male teachers. The study shows the significant difference was observed among male and female faculties on occupational stress. The factors that cause occupational stress is also discussed in the study. A significant and positive correction is observed among the varieties of occupational stress.   Research, practical &amp;  social  implications: The college management should look for some aid from psychologists to direct faculties freeing from their frustration and anger. College management can provide training and workshops which helps to enhance the skills of faculties and develop a rapport among co-workers.    Originality/value:The variables of the studies are analysed and it shows the meaningful effect on the occupational stress of faculties. Then the research is concluded with the certainty that occupational stress of the facilities is nullified and the performance will be increased