Generalized derivations with central values on lie ideals LIE IDEALS

Let R be a prime ring of H a generalized derivation and L a noncentral lie ideal of R. We show that if l^sH(l)l^t in Z(R) for all lin2 L, where s, t> 0 are fixed integers, then H(x) = bx for some b in C, the extended centroid of R, or R satisfies S4. Moreover, let R be a 2-torsion free semiprime ring, let A = O(R) be an orthogonal completion of R and B = B(C) the Boolean ring of C. Suppose ([x1; x2]sH([x1; x2])[x1; x2]t in Z(R) for all x1; x2 in R, where s, t> 0 are fixed integers. Then there exists idempotent e in B such that H(x) = bx on eA and the ring (1-e)A satisfies S4.Comment: 6 page

Linear and nonlinear monetary approaches to the exchange rate of the Philippines peso-Japanese yen

This study provides evidence of nonlinear long-run relationship between peso-yen exchange rate and its monetary determinants implied by the reduced-form flexible-price monetary model for the Philippines, using Breitung`s (2001) nonlinear cointegration testing procedures. The existence of such relationship is probably resulted from the strong and consistent bilateral trade relationship between the Philippines and Japan. Results from various monetary restrictions tests suggest that other forms of the related monetary model are not suitable in the determination of the peso-yen exchange rate.monetary model,exchange rate,Philippines,cointegration, nonlinear, nonparametric,peso

Participatory Approach to Indonesian Rural Development in the Era of Reformation

The approach used by the government for developing society both rural and urban for the last 30 years has been the mobilization approach with top-down communication patterns. This approach does not give a space to the people to participate in the development process. When people become critical and aware of their own rights, a democratic participation approach to the development is needed. Such an approach, called the participatory development approach, is assumed to be able to give a space to the people to participate and to decide what are the best for themselves. The implementation of this approach in Indonesia is appropriate due to the reason that such an approach is in accordance with the principle of social justice

A note on power values of derivation in prime and semiprime rings

Let R be a ring with derivation d, such that (d(xy))^n =(d(x))^n(d(y))^n for all x,y in R and n>1 is a fixed integer. In this paper, we show that if R is a prime, then d = 0 or R is a commutative. If R is a semiprime, then d maps R in to its center. Moreover, in semiprime case let A = O(R) be the orthogonal completion of R and B = B(C) be the Boolian ring of C, where C is the extended centroid of R, then there exists an idempotent e in B such that eA is commutative ring and d induce a zero derivation on (1-e)A.Comment: 8 page

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) in a Transition Economy - Cambodia: Empirical Evidence from Bilateral Exchange Rates

This study contributes to the existing literature by examining the validity of PPP hypothesis for Cambodia. The standard unit root tests (ADF and PP) and the panel unit root tests fail to support PPP hypothesis for the nine Cambodia’s trading partners. The unit root tests with structural break support the PPP hypothesis for the bilateral real exchange rates of Euro, Indonesia rupiah, Malaysia ringgit, and Singapore dollar. This finding is found to be relevant for ‘de-dollarization’ strategy in Cambodia, and in responding to recent global financial crisis (2007-2008).Cambodia; Dollarization; Exchange Rates; Purchasing Power Parity