RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL: PERSPECTIVAS PARA O AGRONEGÓCIO

The present paper has as main purpose to present the companies social accountability as a style of strategic management for credibility and competitiveness search in a globalized market in the regional, national and international levels, showing that the ethical actions related to the environment and the society as a whole are more and more influencing market behavior, in a favor of whom practices them. Besides that, the study searches to relate the main points of that strategy withthe importance that the same may have to the agribusiness due to its reflexes in the internal and external market.social responsibility, management, agribusiness., Agribusiness,

Ruminant nematodes in pasture under different grazing systems with sheep and cattle

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes sistemas de pastejo, com ovinos e bovinos, sobre a quantidade de larvas no estágio L3 de nematódeos de ruminantes. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial com quatro sistemas de pastejo e quatro períodos de rotação de pastagem. A duração do experimento foi de 91 dias, com sistema rotacionado (7 dias de ocupação e 21 de descanso), em 8 ha de Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia. Foram avaliados os sistemas de pastejo: alternado, simultâneo e isolado, com ovinos e com bovinos. Foram utilizados 20 bovinos (mestiços), 30 cordeiros e 15 ovelhas adultas (raça Santa Inês). As amostras do capim, para recuperação e identificação dos nematódeos, foram realizadas semanalmente no pré e pós-pastejo dos piquetes. Na média geral de todos os manejos, a ordem decrescente de número de larvas foi: Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Strongyloides spp. e Cooperia spp. Correlações médias foram encontradas entre as quantidades de larvas L3 no pré e pós-pastejo. Com o aumento do número de rotações, houve aumento no grau de contaminação da pastagem pelas larvas, independentemente do sistema adotado. O sistema de pastejo simultâneo foi o que apresentou maior controle da carga parasitária de Haemonchus spp. na pastagem de capim-tanzânia.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different grazing management systems on the parasitic nematode load (L3 larvae) in ruminants. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial arrangement with four grazing systems and four rotations. The experimental period was 91 days, in a rotational system (7 days of occupation and 21 of days rest), in 8-ha pasture cultivated with Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia. The different management systems evaluated were: alternate, simultaneous and isolate whit cattle and sheep. Twenty mixed breed cattle, 30 lambs and 15 ewes were used (Santa Inês breed). Grass samples were collected for recovery and identification of L3-larvae every week, during pre and postgrazing. In all systems, the decreasing order the number of identified larvae was Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Strongyloides spp., and Cooperia spp. Mean correlations were found between L3-larvae numbers in pre and postgrazing. Increasing rotation caused increase in the degree of infection irrespectively of the system used. The simultaneous system had the best control on the parasitic load of Haemonchus spp., on Tanzania grass pasture

Alternativas de controle para redução de grãos ardidos na cultura do milho.

As podridões de espiga e grãos ardidos estão entre as principais doenças da cultura do milho. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da resistência genética e densidade de plantio na incidência de grãos ardidos na cultura do milho. O experimento de resistência genética foi conduzido nas cidades de Indianópolis -MG e Guarda-Mor –MG. O experimento de densidade de plantio foi conduzido na cidade de Sete Lagoas –MG. Realizaram-se identificação e quantificação dos grãos ardidos das amostras de grãos colhidos nos experimentos. Foi realizado o Teste de Patologia de Sementes, através do método do papel de filtro umedecido, para identificação dos fungos associados à ocorrência de grãos ardidos. Foram identificadas cultivares com alto nível de resistência a grãos ardidos. O aumento da densidade de plantio resultou em aumento na incidência de grãos ardidos. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a resistência genética é uma alternativa viável de controle de fungos que atacam as espigas, e o aumento na densidade de plantio influencia a incidência de grãos ardidos na cultura do milho

Male Territoriality in a Social Sciurid, Cynomys gunnisoni: What do Patterns of Paternity Tell Us?

In many social sciurids, male territoriality confers significant mating advantages. We evaluated resident male paternity in Gunnison’s prairie dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni), a colonial ground-dwelling sciurid, where males and females cooperatively defend territories. Contrary to findings reported for other social sciurids, our results show that territorial resident males do not gain significant reproductive advantages. Resident males sired the majority of offspring from their respective territories only 10.5% of the time. A single non-resident male sired equal or greater number of offspring than any single resident male 71.2% of the time. While adult males were more likely to sire a greater number of offspring, standard heterozygosity, body mass, and territory size were not significant predictors of how many offspring a male sired. In addition, the number of other males present did not influence the number of offspring sired by any given resident male. However, territory size was significantly correlated with overall offspring number and mean litter size per female, suggesting a potential reproductive advantage for females that occupy larger, better quality territories. Previous work has demonstrated that the cooperative defence of territories by both males and females permits enhanced access to food resources critical to overwinter survival. Our results have important implications for studies that do not distinguish between social and mating systems, because they suggest that individual mating strategies may be different from the social strategies that emerge in response to resource availability

Vigilance and Predation Risk in Gunnison’s Prairie Dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni)

Group living in animals is believed to confer advantages related to a decrease in predation risk and an energetic trade-off between vigilance and foraging efficiency. Eight Gunnison’s prairie dog, Cynomys gunnisoni, colonies in Flagstaff, Arizona (elevation 2300 m), were studied from April to August 2000 to examine the adaptive significance of colonial living in the context of predation risk and antipredator behavioral strategies. Each colony was sampled once every 10 days for a period of 3 h. Upright and quadrepedal vigilance was recorded using scan samples. All predation events were recorded. Results suggest that vigilant behavior in Gunnison’s prairie dogs is an antipredator strategy because the animals oriented more frequently towards the periphery of the colony while vigilant. Gunnison’s prairie dogs engaged in posting, an upright bipedal posture, more frequently than scanning, a quadrepedal posture. Furthermore, there was no relationship between either form of vigilance and population size. The proportion of animals vigilant decreased significantly only on the two smallest colonies as colony size increased. On larger colonies there was no relationship between the proportion of animals vigilant and colony size. The lack of change in the proportion of animals vigilant in larger populations may be a function of perceived risk rather than actual individual risk

Social Structure and Mating System of Gunnison\u27s Prairie Dogs, Cynomys Gunnisoni

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The need to implement the landscape of fear within rodent pest management strategies

Current reactive pest management methods have serious drawbacks such as the heavy reliance on chemicals, emerging genetic rodenticide resistance, and high secondary exposure risks. Rodent control needs to be based on pest-species ecology and ethology to facilitate development of ecologically-based rodent management (EBRM). An important aspect of EBRM is a strong understanding of rodent pest species ecology, behaviour, and spatiotemporal factors. Gaining insight in the behaviour of pest-species is a key aspect of EBRM. The landscape of fear is a mapping of the spatial variation in the foraging cost arising from the risk of predation and reflects levels of fear a prey species perceives at different locations within its home range. In practice, the landscape of fear (LOF) is a mapping of habitat use as a result of perceived fear, which shows where bait or traps are most likely to be encountered and used by rodents. Several studies link perceived predation risk of foraging animals with quitting-harvest rates or giving-up densities (GUDs). GUDs have been used to reflect foraging behaviour strategies of predator avoidance, but to our knowledge very few papers have directly used GUDs in relation to pest management strategies. An opportunity for rodent control strategies lies in the integration of the LOF of rodents in EBRM methodologies. Rodent management could be more efficient and effective by concentrating on those areas where rodents perceive the least levels of predation risk

A influência da permacultura no design de estufas urbanas

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Artes, Departamento de Design, 2018.Este projeto tem como ponto de partida estudos sobre alimentação adequada, a crise hídrica que abala algumas regiões do mundo e como este processo afeta a agricultura e, consequentemente, as possibilidades de um futuro mais sustentável. Com isso, a proposta é apresentar um projeto que busque a otimização do uso da água e do crescimento de alimentos dentro de casas e apartamentos, levando-se em consideração movimentos como o “faça-você-mesmo” e de alimentação orgânica, para contribuir com uma nova maneira de cultivo sustentável e instruir os usuários sobre as possibilidades desse plantio. O projeto sugerido para atender a essa demanda é a criação de uma estufa doméstica que utiliza princípios da permacultura, a fim de criar um sistema sustentável para o cultivo de alimentos básicos que auxiliam no fortalecimento do sistema imunológico humano, gerando o aumento da qualidade de vida das pessoas.This project has as its starting point studies on adequate food, the water crisis that shakes some regions of the world and how this process affects agriculture and, consequently, the possibilities of a more sustainable future. Therefore, the proposal is to present a project that seeks to optimize the use of water and food growth inside houses and apartments, taking into account movements like “do-it-yourself” and organic food, to contribute with a new sustainable way of cultivation and to instruct users on the possibilities of this planting. The suggested product to meet this demand is the creation of a domestic greenhouse that uses permaculture principles in order to create a sustainable system for the cultivation of staple foods that help strengthening the human immune system, generating an increase in the quality of life of people

Fracionamento de melitina a partir da apitoxina por ultrafiltração com escoamento tangencial

Apitoxin, bee venom, has been used for years as a medicine for various inflammatory diseases. The benefits of this venom are mainly provided by melittin, which is present with other high allergenic potential components, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and hyaluronidase, for example. Thereby, the separation of melittin from apitoxin becomes feasible, since it is a desired product in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries also has a high added value. Hence, ultrafiltration with a tangential flow and commercial membrane of regenerated cellulose of 10 kDa was used as a separation method, in order to reach a concentration of permeate with the smallest fraction of these allergenic compounds. In the first step, a 2² factorial design with triplicate at the central point was performed to investigate the effects of apitoxin concentration and pressure difference on permeate flow, melittin recovery, and PLA2 rejection, in which was defined the optimal working condition: lower concentration - 1.0 mg / mL - and the highest pressure - 1.5 bar. Based on these results, the second step was carried out to evaluate the flux decline during ultrafiltration and the incrustation mechanisms present in the process using the modified Hermia model. Hereafter, a chemical cleaning was performed after completing all experiments. As a result, the permeate flux decline was mostly caused by fouling because of several mechanisms acting without a more precise definition. The membrane cleaning depicted a recovery of 91.69% in the permeate flux and reduce 94.10% of resistance. Finally, it may be concluded that ultrafiltration using tangential flow has been an attractive option for the separation of melittin from apitoxin.A apitoxina, veneno da abelha, vem sendo utilizada há anos como medicamento para várias doenças inflamatórias. Os benefícios desse veneno provêm, principalmente, da melitina, que se encontra junto a outros componentes da apitoxina com alto potencial alergênico - fosfolipase A2 (PLA2) e hialuronidase, por exemplo. Assim, a separação da melitina é importante por ser um produto almejado no âmbito farmacêutico e cosmético, além do seu alto valor agregado. Portanto, uma ultrafiltração com escoamento tangencial e membrana comercial de celulose regenerada de 10 kDa foi utilizada como método de separação, objetivando alcançar uma concentração de permeado para a redução na concentração dos compostos alergênicos. Na primeira etapa, um planejamento fatorial 2² com triplicata no ponto central foi realizado visando investigar os efeitos da concentração da apitoxina e a variação da pressão aplicada no fluxo de permeado, na recuperação da melitina e na rejeição a PLA2, na qual definiu-se a melhor condição de trabalho: menor concentração – 1,0 mg/mL – e a maior pressão – 1,5 bar. Com essa definição, a segunda etapa foi desenvolvida avaliando o declínio do fluxo durante a ultrafiltração, os mecanismos de incrustação presentes no processo por meio do modelo de Hermia modificado sendo, posteriormente, efetuada uma limpeza química após finalizados todos os experimentos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram uma recuperação média de melitina de 70% e rejeição de 99% de PLA2. O declínio de fluxo foi causado em sua maioria pelo fouling devido à atuação de vários mecanismos, sem uma definição mais precisa. A limpeza química mostrou uma recuperação no fluxo de 91,69% e remoção da resistência de 94,10%. Portanto, tem-se que a ultrafiltração com escoamento tangencial pode ser uma opção atrativa para o fracionamento de melitina a partir da apitoxina.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio