Education of Today Is the Security of Tomorrow!: Strengthening the Capacities to Create Secure Environments with Cultural Education

Human security as a people’s perspective on security with a focus on human well-being and relationship-building offers promising alternative concepts to state-centered and structure- focused security strategies. Security is more than increasing weapons, fences and survey cameras. To our understanding, it is something else and involves entirely different mindsets. It demands a people’s perspective on security in which citizenship includes the capacity to create secure surroundings. People can be supported to “learn” security and to focus on their capacities. The subjective dimensions of security, including a person’s emotional management, can be trained. This is why we argue that three dimensions of training have to be integrated into educational approaches. First among these dimensions is tackling cultural violence through working on stereotypes and prejudices by delivering knowledge and information. Second is fostering knowledge about relationship-building and building relationships across the social divide. And third is strengthening the self-esteem of the citizens and focusing on their personal development and well-being. Hence, new approaches of experience-based learning and group work have to be integrated into the formal and informal curricula. Thus, we advocate for enriching formal and informal education with training modules in “peace and security”—training for everybody, so that our education of today makes us ready for the threats of tomorrow. We argue further that this can only be accomplished if experience-based methodological tools, such as interactive theater, are included in these trainings

An Experiment in Integrating Content Lectures in English:A First Step in Building an International Curriculum

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L'Union européenne est-elle un club chrétien ?

Pour l'auteur, l'Union européenne est effectivement déchristianisée et n'est par conséquent pas un « club chrétien ». Néanmoins l'article cherche à montrer la persistance d'un sentiment religieux chrétien qui explique le rejet dont fait l'objet la Turquie dans sa quête d'adhésion

Das Imperium Romanum und seine Gegenwelten

Ammianus is regarded as the greatest historian of late antiquity. Yet his geographic and ethnographic digressions were long underestimated as examples offeigned eruditionand as undue interruptions to the historical narrative. The author of this volume believes that the key to understanding Ammianus`s work as a whole lies in his teaching of classical rhetoric, his metaphoric reading of landscapes, and the creation of spaces for memory and counterworlds to the Imperium Romanum. In this way, historical understanding and digressions concerning geographic knowledge must be viewed as interdependent features of the text. The author thus casts a new light on Ammianus`s literary achievements

Missing lithotroph identified as new planctomycete

With the increased use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture, many densely populated countries face environmental problems associated with high ammonia emissions. The process of anaerobic ammonia oxidation ('anammox') is one of the most innovative technological advances in the removal of ammonia nitrogen from waste water. This new process combines ammonia and nitrite directly into dinitrogen gas. Until now, bacteria capable of anaerobically oxidizing ammonia had never been found and were known as "lithotrophs missing from nature". Here we report the discovery of this missing lithotroph and its identification as a new, autotrophic member of the order Planctomycetales, one of the major distinct divisions of the Bacteria. The new planctomycete grows extremely slowly, dividing only once every two weeks. At present, it cannot be cultivated by conventional microbiological techniques. The identification of this bacterium as the one responsible for anaerobic oxidation of ammonia makes an important contribution to the problem of unculturability

Religion's main and moderating effects on depressive symptoms for adults who have experienced stressful life events

The purpose of this paper is to examine how men's and women's religious beliefs and practices may have a main and moderating effect on depressive symptoms that increase because of negative life events. These comparisons are made within the context of the stress process model (Pearlin, 1989) to examine how stressful events influence the behaviors and thoughts of mothers and fathers who live in the same households. In the present study, the stress process model will be used to explain the main effects and indirect effects (i.e., those effects that buffer someone when they experience stress) of religious behavior and beliefs between stressful life events and possible depressive symptoms. The stress process model is applicable to this study because it is believed it would be possible to identify those religious beliefs and practices that contribute to differences in distress in both men and women who are married, live in the same households, and experience stressful life events together

Seasonal dynamics of active SAR11 ecotypes in the oligotrophic Northwest Mediterranean Sea

A seven-year oceanographic time series in NW Mediterranean surface waters was combined with pyrosequencing of ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) and ribosomal RNA gene copies (16S rDNA) to examine the environmental controls on SAR11 ecotype dynamics and potential activity. SAR11 diversity exhibited pronounced seasonal cycles remarkably similar to total bacterial diversity. The timing of diversity maxima was similar across narrow and broad phylogenetic clades and strongly associated with deep winter mixing. Diversity minima were associated with periods of stratification that were low in nutrients and phytoplankton biomass and characterised by intense phosphate limitation (turnover time80%) by SAR11 Ia. A partial least squares (PLS) regression model was developed that could reliably predict sequence abundances of SAR11 ecotypes (Q2=0.70) from measured environmental variables, of which mixed layer depth was quantitatively the most important. Comparison of clade-level SAR11 rRNA:rDNA signals with leucine incorporation enabled us to partially validate the use of these ratios as an in-situ activity measure. However, temporal trends in the activity of SAR11 ecotypes and their relationship to environmental variables were unclear. The strong and predictable temporal patterns observed in SAR11 sequence abundance was not linked to metabolic activity of different ecotypes at the phylogenetic and temporal resolution of our study

Microbial eukaryote communities exhibit robust biogeographical patterns along a gradient of Patagonian and Antarctic lakes

Microbial eukaryotes play important roles in aquatic ecosystem functioning. Unravelling their distribution patterns and biogeography provides important baseline information to infer the underlying mechanisms that regulate the biodiversity and complexity of ecosystems. We studied the distribution patterns and factors driving diversity gradients in microeukaryote communities (total, abundant, uncommon and rare community composition) along a latitudinal gradient of lakes distributed from Argentinean Patagonia to Maritime Antarctica using both denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and high-throughput sequencing (Illumina HiSeq). DGGE and abundant Illumina operational taxonomic units (OTUs) showed both decreasing richness with latitude and significant differences between Patagonian and Antarctic lakes communities. In contrast, total richness did not change significantly across the latitudinal gradient, although evenness and diversity indices were significantly higher in Patagonian lakes. Beta-diversity was characterized by a high species turnover, influenced by both environmental and geographical descriptors, although this pattern faded in the rare community. Our results suggest the co-existence of a ‘core biosphere’ containing reduced number of abundant/dominant OTUs on which classical ecological rules apply, together with a much larger seedbank of rare OTUs driven by stochastic and reduced dispersal processes. These findings shed new light on the biogeographical patterns and forces structuring inland microeukaryote composition across broad spatial scales

GENETIC ALGORITHM-BASED CLUSTERING OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK WITH NOVEL DATA ENCRYPTION

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been used widely in so many applications. It is the most efficient way to monitor the information. There areso many ways to deploy the sensors. Many problems are not identified and solved. The main challenge of WSN is energy efficiency and information security. WSN power consumption is reduced by genetic algorithm-based clustering algorithm. Information from cluster head to base station may have a lot of chances to get hacked. The most reliable way to manage energy consumption is clustering, and encryption will suit best for information security. In this paper, we explain clustering techniques and a new algorithm to encrypt the data in the network