Oxygen Transfer on Substituted ZrO2, Bi2O3, and CeO2 Electrolytes with Platinum Electrodes II. A-C Impedance Study

An equivalent electrical circuit that describes the electrode processes on different electrolytes, using porous Pt electrodes,is given. Diffusional processes are important and have to be presented by Warburg components in the circuit. Theoverall electrode process is rate limited by diffusion of atomic oxygen on the electrode surface for stabilized zirconia andsubstituted ceria (low PO2). On stabilized bismuth sesquioxide diffusion of atomic oxygen on the electrolyte surface is ratelimiting at high PO2 while at low PO2 another process, probably diffusion of electronic species in the electrolyte, is dominant.One of these processes plays a role too on substituted ceria at high PO2, where a charge transfer process is dominant. Theseresults are consistent with the mechanisms developed in part I of this paper

Differences in Thermal Stability of Glucosinolates in Five Brassica Vegetables

The thermal stability of individual glucosinolates within five different Brassica vegetables was studied at 100°C for different incubation times up to 120 minutes. Three vegetables that were used in this study were Brassica oleracea (red cabbage, broccoli and Brussels sprouts) and two were Brassica rapa (pak choi and Chinese cabbage). To rule out the influence of enzymatic breakdown, myrosinase was inactivated prior to the thermal treatments. The stability of three glucosinolates that occurred in all five vegetables (gluconapin, glucobrassicin and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin) varied considerably between the different vegetables. The degradation could be modeled by first order kinetics. The rate constants obtained varied between four to twenty fold between the five vegetables. Brussels sprouts showed the highest degradation rates for all three glucosinolates. The two indole glucosinolates were most stable in red cabbage, while gluconapin was most stable in broccoli. These results indicate the possibilities for plant breeding to select for cultivars in which glucosinolates are more stable during processin

Variation and Distribution of Glucosinolates in 42 Cultivars of Brassica oleracea Vegetable Crops

Brassica vegetables are known to contain glucosinolates that are precursors for bioactive compounds like isothiocyanates that have been shown to play an important role in human health. This study reports the results of a screening of 11 Brassica oleracea crops consisting of 42 cultivars (6 white cabbage, 5 red cabbage, 7 Brussels sprouts, 2 kale, 1 tronchuda, 3 oxheart cabbage, 2 kohlrabi, 6 broccoli, 5 cauliflower, 3 romanesco and 2 Savoy cabbage). All these cultivars were cultivated under the same conditions on a single location in the same season. The variation found in the level of glucosinolates is expected to be mainly due to the genetic variation. A large variation was observed in the level and profile of glucosinolates. Total glucosinolates varied from 14 to 625 µmol/100 g fresh weight. Glucoraphanin, the precursor of the isothiocyanate sulforophane, varied from 0 to 141 µmol/100 g fresh weight. Within broccoli glucoraphanin varied from 27 to 141 µmol/100 g fresh weight. Glucoiberin that is structurally related to glucoraphanin varied from 6 to 397 µmol/100 g fresh weight. Within broccoli glucoiberin varied from 21 to 397 µmol/100 g fresh weigh

Message threads: Exploring interpersonal communication through smartphones: how we weave our lives in a hypermediated world

This thesis is about human behaviour as it relates to computer mediated communication. Smartphones are an accepted part of everyday life. We use them to wake us up in the morning, we play games on them while we wait for the bus, and take photos with them. Smartphones also enable communication. We can phone while in transit, coordinate meeting up with friends, share our lives on social networking sites, and check in on email and text throughout the day. How does this technology affect how we interact? In public situations we retain contact online, but this multitasking affects how we relate to others socially. Smartphone texting allows us to keep in constant touch with friends and family, though interaction is fragmented and asynchronous. As we are always available, and never alone, these open lines of communication also affect how we see ourselves. In choosing the smartphone I critically question the attention and priority given to these devices in daily life. Mobile phones have changed the soundscape in public places: dialtones, beeps and people speaking in public on their phones is common. Users interact continually with their phones, store substantial data on them, communicate through, and consequently develop a bond to, the physical object. What could these ubiquitous portable computers tell us if, instead of being passive agents in a dependent relationship of user and phone, they actively listened, or could reflect back the nature of their role in our lives

Nietzsche's goal of friendship

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to illuminate the topic of “Redlichkeit” in The Gay Science in order to provide a greater understanding of the relationship among friendship, knowledge-seeking, and overcoming in Nietzsche's GS and Thus Spoke Zarathustra. In GS 14 Nietzsche formulates friendship as involving “a shared higher thirst for an ideal.” Although higher friendship, for Nietzsche, involves a mutual goal, this article argues that the goal is not truth. First, the notion of the intellectual conscience and how passionate knowledge-seeking is distinguished from the standardized practices of truth that Nietzsche rejects is explained. Second, the problem of the Übermensch, or Overhuman, and its status as an ideal or goal is examined. In conclusion, the link that Nietzsche makes between becoming Overhuman and the development of Redlichkeit by the intellectual conscience in passionate knowledge-seeking friendship is explained.</jats:p

Isotropic Light vs Six-Beam Molasses for Doppler Cooling of Atoms From Background Vapor - Theoretical Comparison

We present a 3D theoretical comparison between the radiation-pressure forces exerted on an atom in an isotropic light cooling scheme and in a six-beam molasses. We demonstrate that, in the case of a background vapor where all the space directions of the atomic motion have to be considered, the mean cooling rate is equal in both configurations. Nevertheless, we also point out what mainly differentiates the two cooling techniques: the force component orthogonal to the atomic motion. If this transverse force is always null in the isotropic light case, it can exceed the radiation-pressure-force longitudinal component in the six-beam molasses configuration for high atomic velocities, hence reducing the velocity capture range.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure