Using CRediT to promote responsible research

Research culture is a complex concept, which includes the way we evaluate, support and reward quality in research and how we recognise varied contributions to a research activity. In 2023, the University of Edinburgh launched a Research Cultures Delivery Plan, which includes as an action point to promote guidance on authorship and acknowledgement in outputs and the adoption of a University-wide Fair Publication Policy. The acknowledgement of contributors is an essential part of responsible research and adopting the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT), which consists of 14 roles that describe each contributor’s specific contribution to the scholarly output, supports the implementation of the Fair Publication Policy and the embedding of responsible research at the University. The CRediT roles are not intended to define what constitutes authorship, but to capture all the work that allows scholarly publications to be produced. Using the taxonomy also brings a number of additional practical benefits to the research environment, including: Enable visibility and recognition of the different contributions of researchers, particularly in multi-authored works – across all aspects of the research being reported (including data curation, statistical analysis, etc.) Enable new indicators of research value, use and re-use, credit and attribution​

LUCIFER@LBT view of star-forming galaxies in the cluster 7C 1756+6520 at z~1.4

Galaxy clusters are key places to study the contribution of {\it nature} (i.e. mass, morphology) and {\it nurture} (i.e.environment) in the formation and evolution of galaxies. Recently, a number of clusters at z$>$1, i.e. corresponding to the first epochs of the cluster formation, has been discovered and confirmed spectroscopically. We present new observations obtained with the {\sc LUCIFER} spectrograph at Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) of a sample of star-forming galaxies associated with a large scale structure around the radio galaxy 7C1756+6520 at z=1.42. Combining our spectroscopic data and the literature photometric data, we derived some of the properties of these galaxies: star formation rate, metallicity and stellar mass. With the aim of analyzing the effect of the cluster environment on galaxy evolution, we have located the galaxies in the plane of the so-called Fundamental Metallically Relation (FMR), which is known not to evolve with redshift up to z$=2.5$ for field galaxies, but it is still unexplored in rich environments at low and high redshift. We found that the properties of the galaxies in the cluster 7C 1756+6520 are compatible with the FMR which suggests that the effect of the environment on galaxy metallicity at this early epoch of cluster formation is marginal. As a side study, we also report the spectroscopic analysis of a bright AGN, belonging to the cluster, which shows a significant outflow of gas.Comment: Accepted for publication by MNRAS, 10 pages, 6 figures, 3 table

From too Visible to Invisible: A Comparative Analysis of Latina Youth in the US and UK

Sampson’s (1998) ‘Latino Paradox’ has provided an alternate perspective to the anecdotal claims linking immigrants and crime. However, Latina youth of first and second generation not only encounter different barriers, but interpret these barriers differently based on their own experiences with the majority culture. Pressures on Latinos from prevailing social attitudes influence Latino/a youth’s experiences and life choices. This study addresses the relevance of culture on ethnic identity formation and its protective elements against offending behaviour among young Latina women in the US and UK. I explore issues around culture, ethnic identity and mother-daughter relationships; however, this study is not about the narrow question of delinquency but larger social processes of which delinquency is part. As such I apply general strain theory and ecological systems theory to set the theoretical framework and contextualize the effects of socio-environmental factors on Latin American girls’ youth identity. In addition, the model of acculturation is used to expound on the influence of environmental factors on Latina youth identity in western nations like the US and UK. My research aims were explored through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with both youth and parents. For the Latina girls in my study family, specifically the mother-daughter bond was influential in their life choices and pathways. Mothers’ level of acculturation was indicative of the degree of culture transfer in the home and of the mother-daughter bond, a bond that maintained traditional Latin American values of familismo and respeto. As such for the Latina girls in my study culture, passed through the mother-daughter bond, functioned as a protective factor against risk taking behaviours and a pathway to delinquency across American and British contexts. The comparative element highlighted the importance of family support in Latina youths’ lives against the backdrop of negative prevailing social attitudes of Latin Americans in the US

Epidemiological trend of hepatitis C-related liver events in Spain (2000-2015): A nationwide population-based study.

Analysis the epidemiological trends of hospital admissions, intra-hospital deaths, and costs related to chronic hepatitis C (CHC) taking into account four major clinical stages [compensated cirrhosis (CC), end-stage liver disease (ESLD), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver transplantation (LT)] in Spain. Retrospective study in patients with chronic hepatitis C and a hospital admission in the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set from 2000 to 2015. Outcome variables were admission, death, length of hospital stay and costs. A total of 868,523 hospital admissions with CHC (25.5% CC, 25.3% ESLD, 8.6% HCC, and 2.5% LT) were identified. Overall rates of admission and mortality increased from 2000-2003 to 2004-2007, but after 2008, these rates stabilized and/or decreased. An upward trend was found for hospitalization percentage in CC (from 22.3% to 30%; p < 0.001), ESLD (from 23.9% to 27.1%; p < 0.001), HCC (from 7.4% to 11%; p < 0.001), and LT (from 0.07% to 0.10%; p = 0.003). An upward trend was also found for case fatality rate, except in ESLD (p = 0.944). Gender and age influenced the evolution of hospitalization rates and mortality differently. The length of hospital stay showed a significant downward trend in all strata analyzed (p < 0.001). Cost per patient had a significant upward trend (p < 0.001), except in LT, and a decrease from 2008-2011 to 2012-2015 in CC (p = 0.025), HCC (p < 0.001), and LT (p = 0.050) was found. The initial upward trend of the disease burden in CHC has changed from 2000 to 2015 in Spain, improving in many parameters after 2004-2007, particularly in the 2012-2015 calendar period.This work has been supported by grantsfrom “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (PI15CIII/00031, PI18CIII/00047). The study was also funded by the RD16CIII/0002/0002 project as part of the Plan Nacional R + D + I and cofoundedby ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional(FEDER).S

Body image during quarantine; Generational effects of social media pressure on body appearance perception

One of the consequences of the pandemic is that throughout 2020 virtual interactions largely replaced face-to-face interactions. Though there are few studies of how social media impacts body image perception across genders, research suggests that socializing through a virtual self-body image might have distinct implications for men and women. On an online study, we examined whether type of social pressure and body-ideal exert distinct pressures on members of the X, Y, and Z generations. Results showed media pressure affected body image satisfaction significantly more than other kinds of social pressure across genders and generations, with young males reporting a higher impact compared to older males. Males experienced more pressure to be muscular and women to be thin, especially for the younger generation.Future research should focus on social media as a potential intervention tool for the detection and prevention of body image disorders in both young female and male adults.Fil: Abrevaya, Sofia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Speranza, Trinidad Belen. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Facultad de Psicología y Psicopedagogía. Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Peréz Cano, María de Guadalupe. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Facultad de Psicología y Psicopedagogía. Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía; ArgentinaFil: Ramenzoni, Veronica Claudia. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Facultad de Psicología y Psicopedagogía. Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Factores de riesgo del pie diabético en adulta mayor: caso clínico

Introduction. Diabetic foot is defined as infection, ulceration or destruction of the deep tissues of the foot that may be associated with different factors. Objective.&nbsp; To carry out a bibliographic analysis and treatment of the disease to determine the risk factors of diabetic foot in elderly women through a clinical case of the FUNPRA geriatric center in the city of Cañar - Ecuador. Methodology. 80-year-old female patient, widowed, from the city of Azogues and resident in Cañar-Ecuador FUNPRA (nursing home), with no education. She is treated for diabetic foot grade I superficial wound in the right foot, does not involve tendon capsule or bone, in the healing process granulation tissue is observed. Results. &nbsp;She was administered a general diet, physical activity prior to healing, insulin in the morning 14 IU/dL and in the afternoon 6 IU/dL per day at the end of healing and bandaging. With 3 years of evolution DMT type II, 3 months of evolution of diabetic foot. No pathological, surgical or family history. Improvement of the patient is observed after the cures performed, control of glycemia and administration of medication appropriately. Conclusion.&nbsp; A patient with diabetes mellitus type II was treated, her diabetic foot was associated with obesity, inadequate care and poor hygiene.Introducción. El pie diabético se define como la infección, ulceración o destrucción de los tejidos profundos del pie que puede estar asociado a diferentes factores. Objetivo. Efectuar un análisis bibliográfico y tratamiento de la enfermedad para determinar los factores de riesgo del pie diabético en adulta mayor mediante un caso clínico del Centro geriátrico FUNPRA de la ciudad de Cañar – Ecuador. Metodología. Paciente de 80 años de edad, sexo femenino, viuda, procedente de la ciudad de Azogues y residente en Cañar-Ecuador FUNPRA (Asilo de ancianos), con ninguna instrucción. Es atendida por pie diabético grado I herida superficial en el pie derecho, no involucra tendón cápsula o hueso, en proceso de cicatrización se observa tejido de granulación. Resultados. Tratamiento y evolución: Se le administró dieta general, actividad física previa curaciones, insulina en la mañana 14 UI/dL y en la tarde 6 UI/dL por día al final curar y vendar. Con 3 años evolución DMT tipo II, 3 meses de evolución de pie diabético. Sin antecedentes patológicos, quirúrgicos y familiares. Se observa mejoría de la paciente después de las curaciones realizadas, control de la glicemia y la administración de la medicación adecuadamente. Conclusión.&nbsp; Se trató a una paciente con diabetes mellitus tipo II, se asocia su pie diabético a la obesidad, al inadecuado cuidado y mala higiene

The concept of heritage in Brazil Empire

Este trabalho se insere no campo dos estudos históricos sobre o patrimônio no Brasil, cujas origens remontam antes do surgimento do Serviço de Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (SPHAN), em 1937. De acordo com tal pressuposto, historiou-se a noção de patrimônio durante o século XIX – com ênfase no contexto do Brasil Império – partindo da premissa de ser um conceito socialmente construído. Durante essa etapa não existiam políticas públicas de preservação do patrimônio, precisando antes ser representado enquanto suporte da nação brasileira. Nesse sentido, identificou-se uma reflexão em torno aos monumentos históricos presentes no resgate de memórias históricas da Igreja Católica, em artigos relacionados à arte colonial e em crônicas de cunho memorialístico sobrepondo os seus valores históricocivilizatório e artístico. Por último, a contribuição teórica deste artigo aponta para uma proposta de estudo histórico do patrimônio em uma etapa prévia a sua institucionalização, cujas representações anteciparam o conceito do patrimônio vigente durante boa parte do século XX.This work falls within the field of historical studies on heritage in Brazil, whose origins date back before the foundation of ‘Serviço de Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional’ (SPHAN) in 1937. According to this assumption, was historicized the notion of heritage during the nineteenth century - with emphasis on the context of Brazil Empire - on the premise of being a socially constructed concept. During this stage there were no policies for heritage preservation, before needing to be represented as support of the Brazilian nation. Accordingly, we identified a reflection on the historical monuments present in the rescue of historical memories of the Catholic Church in articles related to colonial art and chronics superimposing their historical-civilizational and artistics values. Finally, the theoretical contribution of this article points to a historical study of heritage at a stage prior to their institutionalization, whose representations anticipated the concept of heritage in force for much of the twentieth century

Model-assessment guide religious heritage tourism: the temples of Jerez de la Frontera

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio que la Fundación Tecnotur y la Universidad de Cádiz han realizado para el proyecto de apertura a las visitas turísticas de los principales templos de Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz, España). Los resultados han quedado recogidos en un manual que describe los diez requisitos básicos para la valorización turística de un templo y presenta una reseña de buenas prácticas para su cumplimiento. A la hora de identificar los requisitos, no sólo se han considerado los factores que posibilitan la simple apertura de los templos, sino también los que contribuyen a crear una oferta turística completa y de calidad, capaz de atraer al visitante y de asegurar su satisfacción.This article presents the outcomes of a research that Tecnotur Foundation and the University of Cadiz have developed to serve as a reference to open up to the tourists the main churches of Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz, Spain). The results of the study have been documented in a manual that describes the ten basic requirements for the tourist development of a temple and provides an overview of best practices for their compliance. When selecting the requirements, we have considered not only the factors that enable the simple opening of the temples, but also the factors that contribute to create a full tourist experience, and to attract visitors and ensure their satisfaction

Reconstruction of primary vertices at the ATLAS experiment in Run 1 proton–proton collisions at the LHC

This paper presents the method and performance of primary vertex reconstruction in proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment during Run 1 of the LHC. The studies presented focus on data taken during 2012 at a centre-of-mass energy of √s=8 TeV. The performance has been measured as a function of the number of interactions per bunch crossing over a wide range, from one to seventy. The measurement of the position and size of the luminous region and its use as a constraint to improve the primary vertex resolution are discussed. A longitudinal vertex position resolution of about 30μm is achieved for events with high multiplicity of reconstructed tracks. The transverse position resolution is better than 20μm and is dominated by the precision on the size of the luminous region. An analytical model is proposed to describe the primary vertex reconstruction efficiency as a function of the number of interactions per bunch crossing and of the longitudinal size of the luminous region. Agreement between the data and the predictions of this model is better than 3% up to seventy interactions per bunch crossing

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication