How Emission Certificate Allocations Distort Fossil Investments: The German Example

Despite political activities to foster a low-carbon energy transition, Germany currently sees a considerable number of new coal power plants being added to its power mix. There are several possible drivers for this dash for coal, but it is widely accepted that windfall profits gained through free allocation of ETS certificates play an important role. Yet the quantification of allocation-related investment distortions has been limited to back-of-the envelope calculations and stylized models so far. We close this gap with a numerical model integrating both Germany's particular allocation rules and its specific power generation structure. We find that technology specific new entrant provisions have substantially increased incentives to invest in hard coal plants compared to natural gas at the time of the ETS onset. Expected windfall profits compensated more than half the total capital costs of a hard coal plant. Moreover, a shorter period of free allocations would not have turned investors' favours towards the cleaner natural gas technology because of preexisting economic advantages for coal. In contrast, full auctioning of permits or a single best available technology benchmark would have made natural gas the predominant technology of choice

Kraftwerke 2002 Vortraege

Main topics of the meeting: Power economy for the Eastern European countries and their economical growth during overtaking by utilities; climatic change by fossil-fuel power plants; deregulation and competition challenges; cogeneration from fossil fuels and renewable energy sources; research programs for advanced energy systems and problems of certification and regulations; power trade and influence on the operators; air pollution and kyoto protocol and climatic change between policy and engineering tasks. (GL)Energiewirtschaft in Mittel- und Osteuropa - Stand der Beitrittsverhandlungen. Perspektiven der Stromwirtschaft in Mittel- und Osteuropa. Technologiekonzepte fuer die Beitrittslaender in Mittel-/Osteuropa. Klimafakten - CO_2 ist nicht alles. Im Spannungsfeld von Versorgungssicherheit und Klimaschutz. Ungarn vor der Marktoeffnung - Traeume und Realitaeten. Die polnische Energiewirtschaft auf dem Weg zum Vereinigten Europa. The Czech Power Industry against a Backdrop of Liberalisation and Privatisation. The Finish Way: Expansion of Nuclear Energy to Achieve a Reliable Energy Supply. Renewables and Co-generation Electricity in Europe - An Overview. Foerderung erneuerbarer Energien zwischen politischem Anspruch und Wirklichkeit. Emission Trading -Bewertung der Instrumente und Konsequenzen des EV-Vorschlages. Wirksame Instrumente zum Klimaschutz. Transaktionskosten beim Zertifikatehandel. Perspektiven zentraler und dezentraler Erzeugungstechnologien. Offshore Windpark Horns Rev - Konzeption und Perspektiven. Wasserkraft: Traditionell und Innovativ. Target Pricing - Eine interessante Alternative zum Pauschalfestpreis. Generation and Technology - European Agenda. Stromhandel im liberalisierten Markt - Auswirkungen auf die Erzeuger. Konzeption und erste Betriebserfahrungen BOA Niederaussem. Konzeption und erste Betrieserfahrungen Avedore 2. E_m_a_x: VGB Initiative for Clean Coal Technologies. Anforderungen an die zukuenftige Ausbildung des Betriebspersonals in konventionellen Kraftwerken. Sicherheitskultur in Kenkraftwerken. Erhalt von Know-How und Qualitaet im Wettbewerb. Know-How-Erhalt nach dem Ausstiegskonsens - Moeglichkeiten und Grenzen. EU Legislation and Initiatives on Air Pollution with Impact on Power Generation. Rechtsvorschriften in der Tschechischen Republik im Bereich Umweltschutz und ihre Auswirkungen auf den Energiesektor. Co-Combustion of Waste and Biomass - The Dutch Approach. Abscheidung, Transport und Speicherung von CO_2 aus fossilen Kraftwerken. Klimaschutz im Spannungsfeld zwischen Politik und Technik. (orig.)With CD-ROMSIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

VGB-Konferenz: Instandhaltung in Kraftwerken 2002. Mit begleitender Fachausstellung Vortraege

Maintenance strategies under certain circumstances like deregulation, marketing aspects, service performance of manufacturers and competitional aspects, work and safety, retrofitting of plant components and on-line monitoring of operating plants are the main topics of this proceeding. (GL)Available from TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Investigation Into the Thermal Limitations of Steam Turbines During Start-Up Operation

Liberalized electricity market conditions and concentrating solar power technologies call for increased power plant operational flexibility. Concerning the steam turbine component, one key aspect of its flexibility is the capability for fast starts. In current practice, turbine start-up limitations are set by consideration of thermal stress and low cycle fatigue. However, the pursuit of faster starts raises the question whether other thermal phenomena can become a limiting factor to the start-up process. Differential expansion is one of such thermal properties, especially since the design of axial clearances is not included as part of start-up schedule design and because its measurement during operation is often limited or not a possibility at all.The aim of this work is to understand differential expansion behavior with respect to transient operation and to quantify the effect that such operation would have in the design and operation of axial clearances. This was accomplished through the use of a validated thermo-mechanical model that was used to compare differential expansion behavior for different operating conditions of the machine. These comparisons showed that faster starts do not necessarily imply that wider axial clearances are needed, which means that the thermal flexibility of the studied turbine is not limited by differential expansion. However, for particular locations it was also obtained that axial rubbing can indeed become a limiting factor in direct relation to start-up operation. The resulting approach presented in this work serves to avoid over-conservative limitations in both design and operation concerning axial clearances.</p