A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Iterative Evolution of Sympatric Seacow (Dugongidae, Sirenia) Assemblages during the Past ∼26 Million Years

Extant sirenians show allopatric distributions throughout most of their range. However, their fossil record shows evidence of multispecies communities throughout most of the past ∼26 million years, in different oceanic basins. Morphological differences among co-occurring sirenian taxa suggest that resource partitioning played a role in structuring these communities. We examined body size and ecomorphological differences (e.g., rostral deflection and tusk morphology) among sirenian assemblages from the late Oligocene of Florida, early Miocene of India and early Pliocene of Mexico; each with three species of the family Dugongidae. Although overlapping in several ecomorphological traits, each assemblage showed at least one dominant trait in which coexisting species differed. Fossil sirenian occurrences occasionally are monotypic, but the assemblages analyzed herein show iterative evolution of multispecies communities, a phenomenon unparalleled in extant sirenian ecology. As primary consumers of seagrasses, these communities likely had a strong impact on past seagrass ecology and diversity, although the sparse fossil record of seagrasses limits direct comparisons. Nonetheless, our results provide robust support for previous suggestions that some sirenians in these extinct assemblages served as keystone species, controlling the dominance of climax seagrass species, permitting more taxonomically diverse seagrass beds (and sirenian communities) than many of those observed today

Crack-cocaine users have less family cohesion than alcohol users

Objective: Many studies correlate characteristics of family functioning and the development of drug addiction. This study sought to evaluate and compare the family environment styles of two groups of psychoactive substance users: 1) alcohol-only users and 2) crack-cocaine users. Methods: Three hundred and sixty-four users of alcohol, crack-cocaine, and other drugs, recruited from research centers in four Brazilian capitals participated in this study. Subjects were evaluated through the Family Environment Scale and the Addiction Severity Index, 6th version (ASI-6). ASI-6 t-scores were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc tests. A final model was obtained using a logistic regression analysis. All analyses were adjusted for partner, age, and psychiatric t-score. Results: We found a significant difference between groups in the cohesion subscale (p = 0.044). The post-hoc test revealed a difference of 1.06 points (95%CI 0.11-2.01) between groups 1 (6.45±0.28) and 2 (5.38±0.20). No significant between-group differences were observed in the other subscales. However, categorical analyses of variables regarding family dynamic showed that crack users more often reported that sometimes people in their family hit each other (30.4% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.007) and that people in their family frequently compared each other regarding work and/or school achievement (57.2% vs. 42.6%, p = 0.041). Conclusion: These results suggest that families of crack-cocaine users are less cohesive than families of alcohol users. This type of family environment may affect treatment outcome, and should thus be adequately approached

Abundance and Distribution Patterns of Thunnus albacares in Isla del Coco National Park through Predictive Habitat Suitability Models

Information on the distribution and habitat preferences of ecologically and commercially important species is essential for their management and protection. This is especially important as climate change, pollution, and overfishing change the structure and functioning of pelagic ecosystems. In this study, we used Bayesian hierarchical spatial-temporal models to map the Essential Fish Habitats of the Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the waters around Isla del Coco National Park, Pacific Costa Rica, based on independent underwater observations from 1993 to 2013. We assessed if observed changes in the distribution and abundance of this species are related with habitat characteristics, fishing intensity or more extreme climatic events, including the El Niño Southern Oscillation, and changes on the average sea surface temperature. Yellowfin tuna showed a decreasing abundance trend in the sampled period, whereas higher abundances were found in shallow and warmer waters, with high concentration of chlorophyll-a, and in surrounding seamounts. In addition, El Niño Southern Oscillation events did not seem to affect Yellowfin tuna distribution and abundance. Understanding the habitat preferences of this species, using approaches as the one developed here, may help design integrated programs for more efficient management of vulnerable species.Marine Stewardship Council/[]/MSC/LondresUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR

BioTIME 2.0: Expanding and Improving a Database of Biodiversity Time Series

Motivation Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R package (BioTIMEr) to facilitate use of the database. Main Types of Variables Included The database is composed of one main data table containing the abundance records and 11 metadata tables. The data are organised in a hierarchy of scales where 11,989,233 records are nested in 1,603,067 sample events, from 553,253 sampling locations, which are nested in 708 studies. A study is defined as a sampling methodology applied to an assemblage for a minimum of 2 years. Spatial Location and Grain Sampling locations in BioTIME are distributed across the planet, including marine, terrestrial and freshwater realms. Spatial grain size and extent vary across studies depending on sampling methodology. We recommend gridding of sampling locations into areas of consistent size. Time Period and Grain The earliest time series in BioTIME start in 1874, and the most recent records are from 2023. Temporal grain and duration vary across studies. We recommend doing sample-level rarefaction to ensure consistent sampling effort through time before calculating any diversity metric. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The database includes any eukaryotic taxa, with a combined total of 56,400 taxa. Software Format csv and. SQL

Organização neural de diferentes tipos de medo e suas implicações na ansiedade Neural organization of different types of fear: implications for the understanding of anxiety

A natureza das respostas de medo em animais expostos a situações ameaçadoras depende da intensidade e da distância do estímulo aversivo. Esses estímulos podem ser potencialmente perigosos, distais ou proximais ao animal. Esforços têm sido feitos no sentido de identificar os circuitos neurais recrutados na organização das reações defensivas a estas condições aversivas. Neste artigo, sumarizamos evidências que associam os sistemas cerebrais de defesa ao conceito de medo-stress-ansiedade. Respostas de orientação ao estímulo de perigo, à esquiva e à preparação para o enfrentamento do perigo parecem estar associados à ansiedade. O giro do cíngulo e o córtex pré-frontal de um lado; o núcleo mediano da rafe, septo e o hipocampo de outro fazem parte dos circuitos cerebrais que integram essas respostas emocionais. No outro extremo, estímulos de medo que induzem formas ativas de defesa, mas pouco elaboradas, determinam estados emocionais de natureza diferente e parecem associadas a manifestações elementares de medo. A substância cinzenta periaquedutal dorsal constitui o principal substrato neural para a integração desses estados aversivos no cérebro. Comportamentos defensivos desse tipo são produzidos pela estimulação elétrica e química desta estrutura. À medida que os estímulos ameaçadores, potenciais e distais dão lugar a estímulos de perigo muito intensos ou são substituídos por estímulos proximais de medo, ocorre uma comutação (switch) dos circuitos neurais usualmente responsáveis pela produção de respostas condicionadas de medo para reações defensivas com baixo nível de regulação e organização que se assemelham aos ataques de pânico. Portanto, dependendo da natureza do evento estressor ou do estímulo incondicionado, o padrão de respostas defensivas orientadas e organizadas cede lugar a respostas motoras incoordenadas e incompletas. A amígdala e o hipotálamo medial podem funcionar como uma espécie de interface comutando os estímulos para os substratos neurais apropriados para elaboração das respostas defensivas condicionadas ou incondicionadas.<br>The dangerous stimuli may be potentially dangerous, distal or proximal and the recognition by the animals of each one of these conditions is determinant for the nature of the fear responses. In the present article a parallel with this particular process is drawn taking into account that different fear responses are generated by light, tones and contexts used as conditioned stimuli and by unconditioned stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG). In this review we summarize the efforts that have been made to characterize the neural circuits recruited in the organization of defensive reactions to the conditioned and unconditioned aversive stimulations, particularly evidence linking the brain's defense response systems to the concept of fear-stress-anxiety. The dPAG constitute the main neural substrates for the integration of aversive states in response to proximal aversive stimuli. In fact, panic-like behaviors often result when this structure is electrically or chemically stimulated. On the other hand, successful preparatory processes of danger-orientation and preparedness to flee seem to be linked to anxiety. The pre-frontal and cingulate cortex, median raphe nucleus, septum and hippocampus seem to be implicated in the elaboration and organization of these responses. As a working hypothesis, it is advanced that increasing the intensity and proximity of the danger may lead to an emotional shift. When the animals are submitted to this gradual increase in aversiveness there is a switch from the neural circuits responsible for the production of the orientated and organized motor patterns of appropriate defensive response to a conditioned stimulus towards the incomplete and uncoordinated defense responses related to panic attacks. The circuits in the amygdala and the medial hypothalamus responsible for the organization of the defense reaction may well subserve to this switch process