Myosin binding protein C: implications for signal-transduction

Myosin binding protein C (MYBPC) is a crucial component of the sarcomere and an important regulator of muscle function. While mutations in different myosin binding protein C (MYBPC) genes are well known causes of various human diseases, such as hypertrophic (HCM) and dilated (DCM) forms of cardiomyopathy as well as skeletal muscular disorders, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain not well understood. A variety of MYBPC3 (cardiac isoform) mutations have been studied in great detail and several corresponding genetically altered mouse models have been generated. Most MYBPC3 mutations may cause haploinsufficiency and with it they may cause a primary increase in calcium sensitivity which is potentially able to explain major features observed in HCM patients such as the hypercontractile phenotype and the well known secondary effects such as myofibrillar disarray, fibrosis, myocardial hypertrophy and remodelling including arrhythmogenesis. However the presence of poison peptides in some cases cannot be fully excluded and most probably other mechanisms are also at play. Here we shall discuss MYBPC interacting proteins and possible pathways linked to cardiomyopathy and heart failure

Tenir compte des origines dans le raisonnement médical en maladies infectieuses et tropicales ? Un regard critique [Taking origins into account in medical reasoning in infectious and tropical diseases? A critical look]

Healthcare discriminations based on one's ethnic background is increasingly being studied in medicine. The scale of the Covid-19 pandemic has played an important role in bringing them to light. Data, although scarce, exist in France. These discriminations have an impact on the care pathway and contribute to the renunciation of care by the most affected populations. The issue of discrimination is particularly relevant in infectious diseases. Although the epidemiology of infectious diseases is unevenly distributed worldwide, erroneous social representations are prevalent and expose to a harmful prejudice against migrants with regard to infectious diseases. The transmissible nature of some infectious diseases reinforces their stigmatizing potential. In this context, it seems important to discuss the dimension to be given to social determinants, geographical origin, phenotype, and ethnicity in teaching and medical reasoning. The English-speaking world uses the concept of "race" in a structural way, whereas this "international standard" has not been applied in France until now. To improve the care of people from minority groups, it seems important to better document and teach a more nuanced clinical reasoning based on origin, without neglecting the importance of collecting and taking into account social determinants of health and environmental factors

Les problèmes d'ordonnancement de type flow-shop hybride : état de l'art

A special class of scheduling problems is studied in this paper, named Hybrid Flowshop, n jobs have to be performed in a shop and each of them has the same routing (so this is a flowshop). A job consists in k different operations. A set of machines are able to perform each operation and this set is called a stage. So when a job consists in two operations, there are two stages in the shop. After introducing the scheduling generalities, we define our preocupations and we propose a notation in order to identify precisely and rapidly a problem. Then a state of the art is proposed and presented in two parts. The first one is dedicated to the 2-stage hybrid flowshops and the second to the general case of the k-stage. Then a summary puts to the fore that many problems remain unsolved