Extracellular acidification stimulates GPR68 mediated IL-8 production in human pancreatic β cells.

International audienceAcute or chronic metabolic complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis are often associated with extracellular acidification and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. However, the mechanisms by which human β-cells sense and respond to acidic pH remain elusive. In this study, using the recently developed human β-cell line EndoC-βH2, we demonstrate that β-cells respond to extracellular acidification through GPR68, which is the predominant proton sensing receptor of human β-cells. Using gain- and loss-of-function studies, we provide evidence that the β-cell enriched transcription factor RFX6 is a major regulator of GPR68. Further, we show that acidic pH stimulates the production and secretion of the chemokine IL-8 by β-cells through NF-кB activation. Blocking of GPR68 or NF-кB activity severely attenuated acidification induced IL-8 production. Thus, we provide mechanistic insights into GPR68 mediated β-cell response to acidic microenvironment, which could be a new target to protect β-cell against acidosis induced inflammation

INVESTIGATION OF TOOL WEARS IN HIGH SPEED TURNING OF EN 31 STEEL

Experiment is conducted on EN 31 alloy steel with carbide insert. Number of experiments and arrangement of process parameters are determined with the help of face centred central composite design. The input parameters are spindle speed, feed and depth of cut which is varied in three different levels. Response Surface Methodology is used to generate empirical relationship between the inputs and the responses which is validated by analysis of variance. The predicted values derived from Response Surface Methodology are compared with experimental data. Effects of input parameters on responses are analysed with the help of Response Surface Methodology. Multi-objective optimization of turning process parameters is done for Tool Wear

PHYSIO-ANATOMICAL EXPLORATION OF ROLE OF MENTAL HEALTH IN ANNAVAHA SROTAS DISORDERS

The good health is defined not only on basis of physical well being but rather also on mental well being. As told in Ayurveda texts- “Prasanna Atmendriya Manah Swasth Ityabhidheeyate”. In era of globalization, the fast & modernized lifestyle has taken toll on one’s health. Now a day, majority of population is suffering from digestive problems such as acidity, reflux, bloating, stomach pain, constipation, and anorexia. These digestive problems are mainly due to bad dietary habits like junk foods, lack of balanced diet etc and also due lack of proper sleep, stress etc. Stress shows both long term and short term effect on gut functions like gastric secretions, gut motility, mucosal permeability etc. Our Acharas were well aware about this factor for digestive disorders, as they included Shoka, Bhaya, Krodha etc. as Nidana (cause) of digestive disorders. These various Nidana of digestive disorders causes Agnidushti which is cause of Annvaha srotodushti and Mandagni. It is very important to understand the relationship between gut and mental health to know aetio-pathogenesis of disorders, which will help to develop holistic approach for better treatment of Annavaha Srotas Disorders

Study of difference in cognitive functions after a single manic episode versus recurrent episodes in euthymic bipolar 1 patients

Background: Neurocognitive deficits have been substantially documented in patients with bipolar disorder in the euthymic state. The assessment of cognitive change from first episode mania is crucial in understanding whether cognitive deficits are progressive or already present from the first diagnostic episode of bipolar I disorder. The objective of the study is to assess and compare the cognitive function in bipolar I patients with one manic episode and recurrent episodes currently in remission.Methods: A cross sectional observational study consisting of 3 groups was carried on eighty cases each of bipolar 1 disorder patients in euthymic phase with one manic, more than 3 manic episodes and controls. These were subjected to the neuropsychological assessment and then compared.Results: The patients with recurrent episodes group shows poor performance upon digit span test, visuospatial memory test, verbal learning and memory test, color stroop test and trail making test than patients with single manic episode and healthy controls upon these cognitive tests.Conclusions: The present finding suggest that there is impairment in various cognitive domains like executive function, attention, memory even in bipolar patients after single manic episode

Efficiency of organic pesticides, turmeric (Curcuma longa) and neem (Azadirachta indica) against dry fish beetle (Dermestes sp.) during storage condition

Efficacy of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and neem (Azadirachta indica) or repelling dry fish insects (Dermestes sp. adult and larva) was investigated on the basis of their repellency rate, storage quality, sensory attributes of turmeric and neem treated dry fish and their cooked products. Pesticides prepared from turmeric and neem, were used in the form of extract and powder. The extracts were tested at the concentrations of 2%, 3%, 5% for turmeric and 3%, 5%, 7% for neem. Turmeric and neem powder were used for treatment at the rate of 2.0%, 3%, 4.0% upon 100 g dry fish. Repellency rate of Dermestes sp., adults was highest, where larvae showed mere resistance against herbal pesticides. Pesticides prepared from turmeric were more repellent than neem pesticides. Control and treated dry fish had almost similar sensory attributes after the 2nd month. However, odor, texture, general appearance and insect occurrence of control dry fish decreased significantly after 4th month of storage but all those parameter of treated dry fish were nearly unchanged. However, sensory quality of dry fish treated with turmeric and neem were remain unchanged after the 4thmonth. The results suggested that 3% extract and powder of turmeric or neem at the rate of 5% extract and 3% powder can be used as suitable field doses for direct application in dry fish to prevent insect infestation during storage of dry fish products

Efficiency of organic pesticides, turmeric (Curcuma longa) and neem (Azadirachta indica) against dry fish beetle (Dermestes sp.) during storage condition

Efficacy of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and neem (Azadirachta indica) or repelling dry fish insects (Dermestes sp. adult and larva) was investigated on the basis of their repellency rate, storage quality, sensory attributes of turmeric and neem treated dry fish and their cooked products. Pesticides prepared from turmeric and neem, were used in the form of extract and powder. The extracts were tested at the concentrations of 2%, 3%, 5% for turmeric and 3%, 5%, 7% for neem. Turmeric and neem powder were used for treatment at the rate of 2.0%, 3%, 4.0% upon 100 g dry fish. Repellency rate of Dermestes sp., adults was highest, where larvae showed mere resistance against herbal pesticides. Pesticides prepared from turmeric were more repellent than neem pesticides. Control and treated dry fish had almost similar sensory attributes after the 2nd month. However, odor, texture, general appearance and insect occurrence of control dry fish decreased significantly after 4th month of storage but all those parameter of treated dry fish were nearly unchanged. However, sensory quality of dry fish treated with turmeric and neem were remain unchanged after the 4thmonth. The results suggested that 3% extract and powder of turmeric or neem at the rate of 5% extract and 3% powder can be used as suitable field doses for direct application in dry fish to prevent insect infestation during storage of dry fish products

Genetic diversity analysis in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) using Mahalanobis D² analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Start Codon Targeted (SCoT)

This study evaluated morpho-molecular diversity among 34 eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) accessions using 10 morphological descriptors, 16 quantitative traits and 15 SCoT to parent selection and broadening the breeding base effectively. Mahalanobis D² analysis grouped the accessions into five clusters, with the greatest inter-cluster divergence between Clusters V and IV. PCA identified five components (eigenvalues >1) explaining 75.65 % of the total variance, with PC1 contributing 38.3 %. High-performing and genetically diverse accessions such as Kashi Uttam, Kashi Green Round, CHBR-2, BUB-18-12 and BUB-18-27 were identified through PCA biplot. SCoT markers amplified 4-10 loci/primer (mean: 6.13), all polymorphic, with SCoT-20, SCoT-13, SCoT-17 and SCoT-25 being the most informative based on PIC values. UPGMA clustering grouped accessions into three clusters (A:14, B:15, C:5), while population structure analysis identified two sub-populations (A:26, B:10). SCoT analysis revealed significant molecular variability. The lack of unique clustering across morphological and molecular data highlights the importance of integrated approaches. Crosses among divergent clusters are recommended to enhance genetic gain and cultivar development