Eru vöðvateygjur gagnlegar?

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/OpenMeðal aðferða sem við sjúkraþjálfarar notum til að bæta líðan skjólstæðinga okkar eru vöðvateygjur. Er óhætt að segja að þessi meðferð sé bæði ævagömul og mikið notuð. Sjúklingar, almenningur sem og íþróttafólk eru hvattir til að nýta sér vöðvateygjur til bættrar heilsu og afreka. Undanfarin ár hafa vaknað spurningar um raunverulegt gildi vöðvateygja og hefur rannsóknum sem tengjast þeim farið fjölgandi. Fannst okkur forvitnilegt að skoða greinar og rannsóknir á þessu sviði

Hvernig gengur í skólanum?

Efst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkin

A Step towards the Hydrogen Economy—A Life Cycle Cost Analysis of A Hydrogen Refueling Station

This study was aimed to define a methodology based on existing literature and evaluate the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) for a decentralized hydrogen refueling station (HRS) in Halle, Belgium. The results are based on a comprehensive data collection, along with real cost information. The main results indicated that a LCOH of 10.3 €/kg at the HRS can be reached over a lifetime of 20 years, if an average electricity cost of 0.04 €/kWh could be achieved and if the operating hours are maximized. Furthermore, if the initial capital costs can be reduced by 80%, in the case of direct subsidy, the LCOH could even fall to 6.7 €/kg. Keywords: hydrogen; hydrogen refueling station; levelThis study was carried out as a part of the Don Quichote (DQ) project which is co-funded by the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) under the initiative of the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU) under grant agreement number 303411. The author would like to use the opportunity to thank the project partners for their assistance and for letting this paper become a reality. The project partners are: Hydrogenics, Colruyt, Thinkstep, TUV, Icelandic New Energy, FAST and Waterstofnet. Special thanks to Denis Thomas at Hydrogenics for the input he provided.Peer Reviewe

The Settlement of Industrial Disputes in Great Britain

The external phosphorus (P) loading has been halved, but the P content in the water column and the area of anoxic bottoms in Baltic proper has increased during the last 30 years. This can be explained by a temporary internal source of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) that is turned on when the water above the bottom sediment becomes anoxic. A load-response model, explaining the evolution from 1980 to 2005, suggests that the average specific DIP flux from anoxic bottoms in the Baltic proper is about 2.3 g P m(-2) year(-1). This is commensurable with fluxes estimated in situ from anoxic bottoms in the open Baltic proper and from hydrographic data in the deep part of Bornholm Basin. Oxygenation of anoxic bottoms, natural or manmade, may quickly turn off the internal P source from anoxic bottoms. This new P-paradigm should have far-reaching implications for abatement of eutrophication in the Baltic proper.Funding Agencies|Swedish EPA [NV 08/302 F-255-08]</p

Cervicofascial subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum following routine restorative dentistry--two case reports

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/Open Allur texti - Full textAlthough a well-known complication of dental treatment, cervicofacial subcutaneous emphysema is uncommon, especially with co-existing pneumomediastinum. This complication is usually attributed to high-speed air-driven handpieces or air-water syringes. Pneumomediastinum is usually self-limiting but potentially life threatening. We present two cases where both patients suffered from cervicofacial subcutaneous emphysema, one additionally having pneumomediastinum following routine restorative dentistry.Húðbeðsþemba (subcutaneous emphysema) á andlits- og hálssvæði er sjaldgæfur en vel þekktur fylgikvilli tannviðgerða, einkum eftir tannúrdrátt. Einnig er sjaldgæft að loftmiðmæti (pneumomediastinum) hljótist af slíku inngripi. Orsökin er yfirleitt innblástur lofts undir þrýstingi inn í mjúkvefi munnhols frá tækjum tannlækna. Ástandið gengur oft yfir sjálfkrafa, en getur valdið lífshættulegum fylgikvillum. Hér eru kynnt tvö sjúkratilfelli þar sem húðþemba og loftmiðmæti komu í kjölfar minniháttar tannviðgerð

Impact of obesity on surgical outcomes following coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn Skoða/Opna(view/open)Introduction: Obesity has been related to increased postoperative morbidity and mortality following open-heart surgery. However, recent studies have shown no association or even a more favourable outcome in obese patients. This relationship was investigated in a well-defined cohort of patients that underwent myocardial revascularisation in Iceland. Material and methods: A retrospective study including all patients that underwent isolated myocardial revascularisation in Iceland from 2002 to 2006. Alltogether 720 patients were divided into two groups, an obese group, with BMI >30 kg/m2 (n=207, 29%), and a non-obese group with BMI ≤30 kg/m2 (n=513, 71%). Patient demographics, complications, operative mortality and long term survival of both groups were compared. Results: Demographics were comparable between the groups. Obese patients were 2.4 years younger, more likely to use statins (83,3% vs. 71,2%, had a significantly lower EuroSCORE (4.3 vs. 5.0) but a slightly longer operation time. Pleural fluid was less often drained in obese patients (8.2 vs. 15.0%) but rates for other complications were similar in both groups, as was operative mortality ≤30 days (2.0% vs. 3.7%), 1 and 5 year survival. In a multivariate analysis obesity was not an independent risk factor for minor or major complications, operative mortality or long term survival. Conclusion: The rate of complications and operative mortality after myocardial revascularisation is not significantly higher in obese patients and the same applies to long term survival. This is true even after correcting for confounding factors in a multivariate analysis.Tilgangur: Offita hefur almennt verið talin auka tíðni fylgikvilla eftir skurðaðgerðir. Niðurstöður rannsókna á tengslum offitu við opnar hjartaaðgerðir eru þó misvísandi og til eru rannsóknir sem sýna sambærilega og jafnvel lægri tíðni fylgikvilla. Tilgangur þessarar rannsóknar var að kanna tengsl offitu við árangur kransæðahjáveituaðgerða á Íslandi. Efniviður og aðferðir: Afturskyggn rannsókn á 720 sjúklingum sem gengust undir kransæðahjáveituaðgerð á Landspítala frá 2002-2006. Sjúklingum var skipt í tvo hópa; offituhóp með líkams-þyngdarstuðul >30 kg/m2 (n=207, 29%), og viðmiðunarhóp með stuðulinn £30 kg/m2 (n=513, 71%). Hóparnir voru bornir saman með ein- og fjölþáttagreiningu og áhrif offitu metin með tilliti til tíðni fylgikvilla, skurðdauða £30 daga og langtíma lífshorfa. Niðurstöður: Áhættuþættir hjarta- og kransæðasjúkdóma voru sambærilegir í báðum hópum en sjúklingar í offituhópi tóku oftar blóðfitulækkandi lyf (83,3% sbr. 71,2%, voru 2,4 árum yngri, með lægra EuroSCORE (4,3 sbr. 5,0) en aðeins lengri aðgerðartíma. Sjaldnar þurfti að tappa af fleiðruvökva í offituhópi (8,2% sbr. 15,0%), en annars var tíðni fylgikvilla og dánartíðni £30 daga (2,0% sbr. 3,7%) sambærileg. Við fjölþáttagreiningu reyndist offita ekki sjálfstæður áhættuþáttur minniháttar fylgikvilla, alvarlegra fylgikvilla, dánartíðni £30 daga eða langtíma lífshorfa. Ályktun: Fylgikvillar og dánartíðni eftir kransæðahjáveituaðgerð reyndust ekki marktækt aukin hjá offitusjúklingum, jafnvel eftir að leiðrétt var fyrir hugsanlegri valbjögun, eins og lægra EuroSCORE, aldri og notkun statínlyfja í offituhópi. Langtímalifun virðist einnig sambærileg

Acute kidney injury and outcome following aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files. This article is open access.Most studies on acute kidney injury (AKI) following open-heart surgery have focused on short-term outcome following coronary artery bypass grafting. We reviewed the incidence, risk factors and outcome, including long-term survival, of AKI after aortic valve replacement (AVR) in a population-based cohort.A retrospective review of 365 patients who underwent AVR for aortic stenosis during 2002-2011 was made. AKI was defined according to the RIFLE criteria. All patients requiring dialysis were followed up in a centralized registry. Risk factors for AKI were analysed with univariable and multivariable analysis, and survival was graphically presented with the Kaplan-Meier method.The rate of AKI was 82/365 (22.5%); 40, 28 and 14 patients belonging to the Risk, Injury and Failure groups, respectively. Preoperatively, 37 (45.1%) AKI patients had reduced kidney function. Transfusion of red blood cells, obesity and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time were independent risk factors for AKI. Acute postoperative dialysis was required in 15 patients (4.1%), and 1 patient developed dialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease. Major postoperative complications were more common in the AKI group (65 vs 22%, P < 0.001). The 30-day mortality rate in the AKI group was 18%, as opposed to 2% in the non-AKI group (P < 0.001), with a 5-year survival rate of 66 vs 87%, respectively (P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis AKI was an independent predictor of operative mortality [odds ratio = 5.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.99-18.91] but not of long-term survival (hazard ratio = 1.44, 95% CI = 0.86-2.42).More than 1 in 5 patients (22.5%) who underwent AVR developed AKI postoperatively. AKI was associated with higher morbidity and was an independent predictor of operative mortality. However, AKI was not a determinant of long-term survival.Landspitali University Research Fund, University of Iceland Research Fund, Helga Gudmundsdottir and Sigurlidi Kristjansson Memorial Fund