IMPACT OF NEEDS ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT of the state

In the modern world the level of living in the state, as a rule, is defined by the level of social and economic development. In article the description of social and economic development, a level of living and needs of the state is given. Influence of requirements on social and economic development of the state is considered and conclusions about interrelation of requirements and social and economic development of the state are drawn. The author pays special attention to interrelation of net income as indicator of social and economic development and requirements, noting cyclic interrelation between growth of the income and growth of needs of separately taken person

PLANNING INCOME OF STATE FUNDING AIMED AT THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES OF THE UNIVERSITY

The processes of budgetary financing of the educational and research activities of the university are considered. The methodology of planning the income of financial resources within the state financing programs with the aim of timely distribution of these resources within the university and maximization of their expenditure is proposed. The author pays special attention to taking into account possible changes in the amount of funding that can occur within the framework of the state financing program during the year. Conclusions on the need for a correct and timely distribution of financial resources are drawn

IMPACT OF NEEDS ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT of the state

In the modern world the level of living in the state, as a rule, is defined by the level of social and economic development. In article the description of social and economic development, a level of living and needs of the state is given. Influence of requirements on social and economic development of the state is considered and conclusions about interrelation of requirements and social and economic development of the state are drawn. The author pays special attention to interrelation of net income as indicator of social and economic development and requirements, noting cyclic interrelation between growth of the income and growth of needs of separately taken person

Insights into the formation mechanism of two-dimensional lead halide nanostructures

We present a colloidal synthesis strategy for lead halide nanosheets with a thickness of far below 100 nm. Due to the layered structure and the synthesis parameters the crystals of PbI2 are initially composed of many polytypes. We propose a mechanism which gives insight into the chemical process of the PbI2 formation. Further, we found that the crystal structure changes with increasing reaction temperature or by performing the synthesis for longer time periods changing for the final 2H structure. In addition, we demonstrate a route to prepare nanosheets of lead bromide as well as lead chloride in a similar way. Lead halides can be used as a detector material for high-energy photons including gamma and X-rays

Selection of the Optimal FBG Length for Use in Stress-Strain State Diagnostic Systems

The article discusses fiber-optic sensors (FOS) based on the Bragg gratings for measuring systems for diagnostics of stress-strain state. Currently, such diagnostic systems are widely used in construction, industry and civil engineering. The physical principle of deformation diagnostics using FOS. The issues of mounting the sensor on the measured area (detail) are separately discussed. The principle of processing the hardware and software of sensors based on Bragg gratings is described. Research method - bench experiments that were carried out on an equal-deformation beam in order to evaluate the change in the width of the reflected FOS peak at different lengths recorded by the Bragg gratings in order to determine the optimal one. The change in the spectrum of the reflected peak under various deforming influences was monitored. Based on the results obtained, recommendations are made on the use of gratings of various lengths in the diagnostic systems for the stress-strain state of parts and assemblies for civil engineering tasks

CITIZENSHIP IN THE STRUCTURE OF SOCIO-POLITICAL ORIENTATIONS OF RUSSIAN YOUTH: PLACE AND ROLE IN STATEHOOD STRENGTHENING

Purpose of the study: In this study, we analyze citizenship in the structure of socio-political orientations of Russian youth and explore the youth role in strengthening statehood and formation of civil society institutions. The development of active citizenship values in sociopolitical orientations of Russian youth is determined by the need to change relations between the state and society. The citizens shall develop civic responsibility and civil initiatives and control the institutions of power. Methodology: The theory of social anomie and the concept of socio-cultural crisis serve the methodological basis for this study. This theory explores the eclectic nature of citizenship ideas in the youth environment. The civilizational approach makes it possible to investigate features of citizenship idea and practice information of Western European and Russian cultural traditions. All that is methodologically significant in tracking citizenship specificity of the Russian youth. The integrated approach becomes a conceptual one in this study as it treats the citizenship of Russian youth as a complex multi-component phenomenon. This phenomenon includes moral, legal and socio-political attitudes reflecting the various aspects of relations in the "man-society-state" system. Results: We conclude that in the citizenship of Russian youth there dominate two main attitudes: liberal and paternalistic. In the liberal aspect, the young people consider citizenship to be awareness of their civil rights and responsibilities, a kind of rational and active behavior corresponding to democratic political system. Paternalistic attitudes are manifested in loyalty to the state. Paternalists consider the state to be the political institution that is solely responsible for the present and future of the young people. Applications of this study: The results allow us to understand the significance of citizenship as an ethic-legal quality of personality that strengthens Russian statehood and the importance of agreement (contract) between government and society. The results discovered the need for the citizens to be engaged in solving the state's socially significant problems. The state shall also develop a favorable institutional environment for civil socialization and self-realization of the young people. Novelty/Originality of this study: The eclectic nature of Russian youth citizenship points at hindering factors in the development of active and responsible citizenship as the youth ability to self-organize and solve socially significant problems. The main factors hindering the process of civil activity formation among the young people are the stable etatist-paternalistic traditions of political culture and institutions of Russian civil society. Although, development of youth citizenship is a well-managed process. It requires the youth policy to be the stimulating and guiding force. This force is necessary to solve the problems of legal personality type formation. Such a personality is characterized by politically and socially active civic-mindedness