AFINET: agroforestry innovation thematic network

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Differences between semantic profiles of the action tendencies linked to emotion words in achievement and unspecified general contexts, defined by Colombian spanish native speakers

Introduction. We investigated the meaning of sixteen achievement emotion words —anger, anxiety, boredom, contentment, despair, disappointment, frustration, guilt, hope, hopelessness, joy, pride, relief, sadness, shame, and surprise—, specifically in terms of their action tendencies component, through a modified version of the CoreGRID questionnaire. Our aim was to identify in which cases the achievement context modifies the semantic profiles of each emotion word, specifically in terms of their action tendencies component, as compared to an unspecified general context.Method. Forty-one participants (22 females; Mage = 21.8, SD = 3.5), and another group of thirty-six participants (21 females; Mage = 20.42, SD = 2.8), rated the likelihood of eighteen action tendencies to be part of the meaning of each emotion word in an achievement context condition and in a general context condition, respectively.Results. In both conditions, Cronbach’s Alpha ranged from 0.95 to 0.98. Data analysis revealed statistically significant differences for every emotion investigated, suggesting an influence of context in their semantic profile.Discussion. The discussion of these results is centered mainly around data from other studies that were interested in the motivational component of emotions, since there is a lacking of research on semantic profiles of achievement emotions. Finally, we make suggestions on directions for future research and inform of the limitations of our study.</jats:p

Phenomenology of a three-family model with gauge symmetry SU(3)_c X SU(4)_L X U(1)_X

We study an extension of the gauge group SU(3)_c X SU(2)_L X U(1)_Y of the standard model to the symmetry group SU(3)_c X SU(4)_L X U(1)_X (3-4-1 for short). This extension provides an interesting attempt to answer the question of family replication in the sense that models for the electroweak interaction can be constructed so that anomaly cancellation is achieved by an interplay between generations, all of them under the condition that the number of families must be divisible by the number of colours of SU(3)_c. This method of anomaly cancellation requires a family of quarks transforming differently from the other two, thus leading to tree-level flavour changing neutral currents (FCNC) transmitted by the two extra neutral gauge bosons $Z'$ and $Z''$ predicted by the model. In a version of the 3-4-1 extension, which does not contain particles with exotic electric charges, we study the fermion mass spectrum and some aspects of the phenomenology of the neutral gauge boson sector. In particular, we impose limits on the $Z-Z'$ mixing angle and on the mass scale of the corresponding physical new neutral gauge boson $Z_2$, and establish a lower bound on the mass of the additional new neutral gauge boson $Z'' \equiv Z_3$. For the analysis we use updated precision electroweak data at the Z-pole from the CERN LEP and SLAC Linear Collider, and atomic parity violation data. The mass scale of the additional new neutral gauge boson $Z_3$ is constrained by using updated experimental inputs from neutral meson mixing in the analysis of the sources of FCNC in the model. The data constrain the $Z-Z'$ mixing angle to a very small value of O(0.001), and the lower bounds on $M_{Z_2}$ and on $M_{Z_3}$ are found to be of O(1 TeV) and of O(7 TeV), repectively.Comment: 22 pages, 6 tables, 1 figure. To appear in J. Phys. G: Nuclear and Particle Physic

Food packaging-interactions: migration

Foodstuffs quality and safety are important issues involving packaging behavior in food preparing and storing processes. In this context, food legislation compliance increasingly demanding, concerns the knowledge of several key aspects of food-packaging systems. This article presents a review about main packaging materials currently used in the food in­dustry, their interactions with the packaged product, mainly migration of macro and microelements from packaging to food, analytical techniques and mathematical models used in elements migrants identification, the national and international regulations established.La calidad e inocuidad de los productos alimenticios es un tema relevante que involucra el comportamiento de los empaques en los procesos de preparación y almacenamiento de alimentos. En este contexto, el cum­plimiento de la legislación alimentaria, cada día más exigente, requiere el conocimiento de varios aspectos clave en los sistemas empaque-alimento. Este artículo presenta una revisión acerca de los principales materiales de empaque actualmente usados en la industria alimentaria, sus interaccio­nes con el producto empacado principalmente la migración de macro y microelementos desde el empaque hacia el alimento, abordando técnicas analíticas y modelos matemáticos usados en la identificación de elemen­tos migrantes, así como también aspectos relacionados con la normativa establecida nacional e internacionalmente

Rethinking the social impacts of the arts

The paper presents a critical discussion of the current debate over the social impacts of the arts in the UK. It argues that the accepted understanding of the terms of the debate is rooted in a number of assumptions and beliefs that are rarely questioned. The paper goes on to present the interim findings of a three‐year research project, which aims to rethink the social impact of the arts, with a view to determining how these impacts might be better understood. The desirability of a historical approach is articulated, and a classification of the claims made within the Western intellectual tradition for what the arts “do” to people is presented and discussed

Post-encoding stress does not enhance memory consolidation: The role of cortisol and testosterone reactivity

In contrast to the large body of research on the effects of stress-induced cortisol on memory consolidation in young people, far less attention has been devoted to understanding the effects of stress-induced testosterone on this memory phase. This study examined the psychobiological (i.e., anxiety, cortisol, and testosterone) response to the Maastricht Acute Stress Test and its impact on free recall and recognition for emotional and neutral material. Thirty-seven healthy young men and women were exposed to a stress (MAST) or control task post-encoding, and 24 h later, they had to recall the material previously learned. Results indicated that the MAST increased anxiety and cortisol levels, but it did not significantly change the testosterone levels. Post-encoding MAST did not affect memory consolidation for emotional and neutral pictures. Interestingly, however, cortisol reactivity was negatively related to free recall for negative low-arousal pictures, whereas testosterone reactivity was positively related to free recall for negative-high arousal and total pictures. This study provides preliminary evidence about a different reactivity of testosterone and cortisol to the MAST as well as on their effects on consolidation. Our results suggest a different pattern of relationships between these steroid hormones and the arousal of the negative images

Effects of sex and menstrual cycle phase on cardiac response and alpha- amylase levels in psychosocial stress

The impact of sex and the menstrual cycle phase on the autonomic response to psychosocial stress remains controversial. This study explored autonomic nervous system activity through salivary alpha-amylase, heart rate, and heart rate variability responses to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in healthy young people. The sample was composed of 25 men, 26 women in the luteal phase, and 25 women in the follicular phase, from 18 to 25 years of age. Participants were exposed to the TSST or a control condition. The results indicate that women in their follicular phase showed a blunted alpha-amylase response to stress compared to men and women in the luteal phase. In addition, men showed higher sympatho-vagal activity in the stress condition compared to the two groups of women. These results confirm that sex and the menstrual cycle phase are potential modulators of autonomic nervous system reactivity to psychosocial stress

Use of rice husk for the removal of methylene blue in fixed-bed columns

Este trabajo muestra la utilización de la cascarilla de arroz para la remoción del colorante catiónico azul de metileno bajo sistema continuo. Un diseño factorial 23, con puntos centrales y distribución aleatoria, fue implementado para evaluar la correlación de los factores experimentales en el proceso de adsorción. Las variables consideradas fueron pH, tamaño de partícula, presencia salina, velocidad de entrada, concentración inicial del colorante y altura de columna. Las muestras fueron analizadas a intervalos definidos de tiempo. La cantidad del colorante removido fue cuantificado por medio de espectroscopia Ultravioleta - Visible. Los modelos de Adams-Bohart, Thomas y BDST (Bed-depht/service time analysis) fueron utilizados para predecir las curvas de ruptura usando regresión no lineal y establecer los parámetros característicos del proceso. Se encontró que la transferencia de colorante al material adsorbente se favorece a pH básico, menor tamaño de partícula, flujo y concentración baja y mayor altura. El diseño de experimentos estableció que la concentración inicial de colorante y la altura del lecho fueron los factores más significativos. Con respecto a los modelos, el de Thomas presentó el mejor ajuste para la descripción de las curvas de ruptura a las condiciones experimentales y el de Adams-Bohart resultó adecuado para el comportamiento dinámico limitado a la parte inicial. Finalmente, el modelo BDST mostró una buena correlación y permitió establecer que la altura es determinante para el escalado del proceso.This work shows the use of rice husk in the removal of cationic dye methylene blue on continuous system. A factorial design 23 with center points and random distribution was implemented to evaluate the correlation of the experimental factors in the adsorption process. The considered variables were pH, particle size, salt presence, flow rate, dye initial concentration, and bed depth. The samples were analyzed in defined time intervals. The amount of removed dye was quantified by UV spectroscopy - Visible. Adams-Bohart, Thomas and BDST (Bed-depht/service time analysis) models were used to predict the breakthrough curves using non-linear regression and establish the characteristic parameters of the process. It was found that the transference of dye toward the adsorbent is favored by a basic pH, a small particle size, low flow rate and dye concentration, and high bed depth. The design of experiments established that the initial dye concentration and the bed depth were the most significant factors. Regarding the models, the Thomas provided the best fit to describe the breakthrough curves in experimental conditions and Adams-Bohart was found suitable for dynamic behavior limited to the initial part. Finally, BDST model exhibited a good correlation and allowed to establish that bed depth is a determinant factor for scaling process

Evaluating the Adhesion Response of Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (Abs)/thermoplastic Polyurethane (Tpu) Fused Interface Using Multiscale Simulation and Experiments

This paper implements reactive forcefield molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to evaluate the mechan- ical performance of the fusion bond line formed between acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and ther- moplastic polyurethane (TPU). The simulated interfacial adhesion responses, as obtained from MD simulation, are further implemented as the interfacial properties between ABS and TPU in an upscaled cohesive zone-based finite element analysis (FEA) model for macroscopic response evaluation. Such upscaling enables fair comparison of the simulated macroscopic stress–strain response with experimen- tal results obtained for 3D printed ABS/TPU hybrid samples with a fusion-bonded interface. Overall, the stress–strain response predicted from a FEA-based model shows a good correlation with the experimen- tal data signifying good predictive efficacy of the simulation approach. Thus, by interactively linking the molecular structures of the polymers and the processing parameters with the macroscale interfacial adhesion response of the fusion bond line, the experimentally validated comprehensive approach pre- sented in this paper paves the way for atomistic engineering of the molecular structures as well as efficient fine tuning of processing parameters to meet desired macro-scale performance needs besides enabling exploration of the mechanisms and atomistic origins of the interfacial damage at the fused bond line

Application of mesoporous silica particles as an additive for controlling rheological, thermal, and filtration properties of water-based fluids

Mesoporous silica particles (MSP) have received increasing interest for various applications because of their unique features such as controlled pore size, low density, high chemical and thermal stability, and high surface area. In this study, MSP was applied as an additive in water-based drilling fluids (WBMs). The effect of MSP on the rheological, thermal, filtration, and structural properties of WBMs was investigated. The results were compared with those of analogous fluids containing conventional nonporous silica particles (SSP). Rheological assays showed shear-thinning and viscoelastic behavior, which were more noticeable for fluids including MSP. It was observed that low concentrations of MSP (0.25 %wt) can achieve the same rheological properties as the fluids with higher SSP content (up to 0.5 %wt). The rheological properties of SSP-containing fluids were not significantly affected by the presence of NaCl or aging tests. The theoretical Herschel–Bulkley model represents the rheological behavior of WBMs. The MSP-based WBMs exhibited better filtration properties before aging. The microstructures of the WBMs were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). A homogeneous distribution of SSP in the WBMs was observed, while particle agglomeration was observed in WBMs containing MSP. In addition, surface interactions were studied to elucidate the interactions between particles and fluid constituents. The surface interaction, assessed through ζ-potential and FTIR analysis, revealed that the binding affinities of BT, PAC, and XGD with MSP were augmented compared to their individual values. Based on the experimental results, MSP constitutes a promising alternative as an additive for the design of WBMs.Fil: Fookes, Federico Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Villada Villada, Yurany Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Taverna, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Busatto, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Maffi, Juan Martín. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Casis, Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Ariza, Camilo A. Franco. Grupo de Investigación Fenómenos de Superficie; ColombiaFil: Cortés, Farid B.. Grupo de Investigación Fenómenos de Superficie; ColombiaFil: Estenoz, Diana Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; Argentin