IBEROAMERICAN CENTER

Iberoamerica znamená iluzorní kontinent, ve kterém jsou převládajícími jazyky španělština a portugalština, čímž se vymazávají hranice definice jako Latinská Amerika, Střední Amerika, Jižní Amerika, Iberský poloostrov ... Protože jazyk je klíčovým znakem pro projev kultury a jejích tradic, Tímto způsobem může sjednotit země, neboť může být užitečným nástrojem pro pochopení této kultury a vytvoření výměny se středoevropským kontextem České republiky. Vzájemná vazba a vliv mezi Pyrenejským polostrovem a Latinskou Amerikou mají historický odkaz. Latinská Amerika v důsledku bývalých území Portugalska a Španělska, která se v dnešní době odráží v různých způsobech vyjadřování, které má každá jednotlivá země. Tato cenná reciprocita bude obohacovat a zachycovat hlubší pohled ze středoevropské perspektivy. Iberoamerické centrum má za cíl přispět a doplnit charakter Prahy 7, kde jsou všechny významy a pravost její koncepce zdůrazněny v Kultursko-společenském centru, kde vzájemné učení otevře dveře nejen místnímu společenství, ale i mezinárodnímu společenství který žije v Praze.Iberoamerica means an illusory continent where Spanish and Portuguese are the predominant languages, erasing the boundaries of definition as Latin America, Central America, South America, Iberian Peninsula... Because Language is a key feature for the manifestation of a culture and its traditions, in this way it can unify countries as it can be a useful tool for understanding "this culture" and generate an exchange with the central European context of the Czech Republic. The reciprocal link and influence between the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America have historical reference. Latin America as a result of former territories of Portugal and Spain that nowadays is reflected in the various ways of expression that each individual country has. This valuable reciprocity is going to enrich and capture a deeper look from a Central European perspective. the Iberoamerican Center aims to contribute and complement the character of Prague 7 where all the attributions and the authenticity of its concept are highlighted in a Cultural - Social Center, where the reciprocal learning will open doors not only to the local community but to the international community that lives in Prague

Efecto de la radiación ultravioleta sobre los ecosistemas acuáticos

Hasta hace poco tiempo se consideraba que la radiación ultravioleta carecía de importancia como factor ambiental en los ecosistemas acuáticos, ya que se suponía que se absorbía totalmente en los primeros centímetros de la columna de agua. Gracias al desarrollo de mejores instrumentos de medición, hoy se sabe que la penetración de la radiación ultravioleta en el agua es mucho mayor que la estimada anteriormente, y que sus efectos biológicos resultan observables hasta decenas de metros de profundidad. Este artículo de divulgación científica incluye, además de lecturas sugeridas, información del ozono estratosférico y troposférico, y sobre factores que afectan la intensidad de la radiación ultravioleta que llega a la superficie terrestre

Sequential drain amylase to guide drain removal following pancreatectomy

BACKGROUND: Although used as criterion for early drain removal, postoperative day (POD) 1 drain fluid amylase (DFA) ≤ 5000 U/L has low negative predictive value for clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF). It was hypothesized that POD3 DFA ≤ 350 could provide further information to guide early drain removal. METHODS: Data from a pancreas surgery consortium database for pancreatoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy patients were analyzed retrospectively. Those patients without drains or POD 1 and 3 DFA data were excluded. Patients with POD1 DFA ≤ 5000 were divided into groups based on POD3 DFA: Group A (≤350) and Group B (>350). Operative characteristics and 60-day outcomes were compared using chi-square test. RESULTS: Among 687 patients in the database, all data were available for 380. Fifty-five (14.5%) had a POD1 DFA > 5000. Among 325 with POD1 DFA ≤ 5000, 254 (78.2%) were in Group A and 71 (21.8%) in Group B. Complications (35 (49.3%) vs 87 (34.4%); p = 0.021) and CR-POPF (13 (18.3%) vs 10 (3.9%); p < 0.001) were more frequent in Group B. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with POD1 DFA ≤ 5000, POD3 DFA ≤ 350 may be a practical test to guide safe early drain removal. Further prospective testing may be useful

The Cortical Representations of Speech in Reverberant Conditions

Speech intelligibility in adverse situations, such as reverberation and noise, is conserved until the degradations reach certain thresholds. Psychoacoustic studies have described the properties of speech that lead to the conservation of its intelligibility under those circumstances. The neural mechanisms that underlie the robustness of intelligibility in these situations, however, are not yet well understood. Here, the cortical representations of speech in reverberation and speech plus noise in reverberation are studied by measuring the cortical responses of human subjects using magnetoencephalography (MEG) while they listened to continuous speech narratives. It was hypothesized that the neural processing of speech in reverberation and speech plus noise in reverberation would follow a lack of cortical synchronization as function of the degradations. Encoding models show, however, that the neural encoding of speech in reverberation follow a different mechanism than that of speech in noise. On the other hand, in the absence of noise, it is possible to reconstruct with high accuracy the envelope of reverberant speech, thus demonstrating that the reverberant speech is well encoded by the brain

Hand Passive Mobilization Performed with Robotic Assistance: Acute Effects on Upper Limb Perfusion and Spasticity in Stroke Survivors

This single arm pre-post study aimed at evaluating the acute effects induced by a single session of robot-assisted passive hand mobilization on local perfusion and upper limb (UL) function in poststroke hemiparetic participants. Twenty-three patients with subacute or chronic stroke received 20 min passive mobilization of the paretic hand with robotic assistance. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to detect changes in forearm tissue perfusion. Muscle tone of the paretic UL was assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Symptoms concerning UL heaviness, joint stiffness, and pain were evaluated as secondary outcomes by self-reporting. Significant (p=0.014) improvements were found in forearm perfusion when all fingers were mobilized simultaneously. After the intervention, MAS scores decreased globally, being the changes statistically significant for the wrist (from 1.6±1.0 to 1.1±1.0; p=0.001) and fingers (from 1.2±1.1 to 0.7±0.9; p=0.004). Subjects reported decreased UL heaviness and stiffness after treatment, especially for the hand, as well as diminished pain when present. This study supports novel evidence that hand robotic assistance promotes local UL circulation changes, may help in the management of spasticity, and acutely alleviates reported symptoms of heaviness, stiffness, and pain in subjects with poststroke hemiparesis. This opens new scenarios for the implications in everyday clinical practice. Clinical Trial Registration Number is NCT03243123

Acousto-optical nanoscopy of buried photonic nanostructures

We develop a nanoscopy method with in-depth resolution for layered photonic devices. Photonics often requires tailored light field distributions for the optical modes used, and an exact knowledge of the geometry of a device is crucial to assess its performance. The presented acousto-optical nanoscopy method is based on the uniqueness of the light field distributions in photonic devices: for a given wavelength, we record the reflectivity modulation during the transit of a picosecond acoustic pulse. The temporal profile obtained can be linked to the internal light field distribution. From this information, a reverse-engineering procedure allows us to reconstruct the light field and the underlying photonic structure very precisely. We apply this method to the slow light mode of an AlAs/GaAs micropillar resonator and show its validity for the tailored experimental conditions

Super-Radiant Dynamics, Doorways, and Resonances in Nuclei and Other Open Mesoscopic Systems

The phenomenon of super-radiance (Dicke effect, coherent spontaneous radiation by a gas of atoms coupled through the common radiation field) is well known in quantum optics. The review discusses similar physics that emerges in open and marginally stable quantum many-body systems. In the presence of open decay channels, the intrinsic states are coupled through the continuum. At sufficiently strong continuum coupling, the spectrum of resonances undergoes the restructuring with segregation of very broad super-radiant states and trapping of remaining long-lived compound states. The appropriate formalism describing this phenomenon is based on the Feshbach projection method and effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. A broader generalization is related to the idea of doorway states connecting quantum states of different structure. The method is explained in detail and the examples of applications are given to nuclear, atomic and particle physics. The interrelation of the collective dynamics through continuum and possible intrinsic many-body chaos is studied, including universal mesoscopic conductance fluctuations. The theory serves as a natural framework for general description of a quantum signal transmission through an open mesoscopic system.Comment: 85 pages, 10 figure

American, United Statian, USAmerican, or Gringos?

The text discusses the use of the word "American" when referring to people from, or citizens of, the United States of America. The fact that the citizens of the United States call themselves "Americans" causes disconfort for many Latin Americans, who see the appropriation of the collective identity of all peoples and countries of the Western Hemisphere as a clear act of cultural imperialism. The article discusses the historic origins and the consolidation of the use of "American" in this restrict sense