NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF FLOWTHROUGH CONICAL DIFFUSER WITH SWIRLGENERATOR

Swirlisatangentialvelocitycomponentofthefluidflowandisoftenpresentintheconicaldiffuserasaresultofrotatingmachineryintheupstream section. The present experimental work isdedicated to study theeffectof moderate swirlonwide angle conicaldiffuser performanceandflow development. The numerical investigation were performed in ansyssoftware. Thereare two different diffusers having a cone angle ofand 21°(with area ratio 4.2) were selectedfor this investigation. The results showedthat the moderate swirl can significantly improvethe stalled diffuser(21°coneangle)performance;however,ithasalittleeffectonthediffuser(13°cone angle) havingincipient turbulent boundary layer separation. It wasconfirmed that the introduction ofmoderate swirl reduces the chances offlowseparationinwideangle conical diffusers

Rice straw biostimulants: Phytochemicals and effects on maize growth and tomato yield

Biostimulants offer sustainable alternatives to enhance plant growth, resilience and crop yield, especially in organic farming. This study aimed to develop a nutrient-enriched biostimulant from rice straw, a widely available agricultural by-product, often burned, leading to environmental pollution. Rice straw was collected, processed and extracted using cow urine and deionized water (1:50). The extracts underwent phytochemical analysis via GC-MS and LC-MS, identifying bioactive compounds such as fatty acids, sterols, phenols and flavonoids. Elemental analysis confirmed the presence of key nutrients and trace elements, including potassium and magnesium, essential for plant growth. In-vitro assays on maize (CO6 hybrid) evaluated the biostimulant’s efficacy, showing a 12 % increase in germination and a 25 % improvement in seedling vigor at optimal cow urine extract concentrations (CE) (25 %). Root length and shoot biomass also exhibited significant improvements. Field experiments on tomato cultivar (Madhan hybrid) compared the effects of the rice straw-based biostimulant with panchagavya, a traditional organic preparation, alongside controls including cow urine and water. The findings revealed that the rice straw-derived biostimulant markedly improved fruit yield by 22 % compared to the control. This enhancement exceeded that of panchagavya, which achieved a 17 % increase in fruit yield. These results underscore the superior efficacy of the rice straw-based treatment, especially those extracted with cow urine, in enhancing crop productivity, reducing reliance on synthetic agrochemicals and promoting environmentally sustainable agricultural practices

A Unifying Mechanism for Mitochondrial Superoxide Production during Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury occurs when blood supply to an organ is disrupted--ischemia--and then restored--reperfusion--leading to a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from mitochondria. It has been tacitly assumed that ROS production during IR is a non-specific consequence of oxygen interacting with dysfunctional mitochondria upon reperfusion. Recently, this view has changed, suggesting that ROS production during IR occurs by a defined mechanism. Here we survey the metabolic factors underlying IR injury and propose a unifying mechanism for its causes that makes sense of the huge amount of disparate data in this area and provides testable hypotheses and new directions for therapies.Work in our laboratories is supported by the Medical Research Council (UK) and the British Heart Foundation. E.T.C. is supported by a Human Frontiers Science Program fellowship.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Cell Press via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2015.12.00

Demersal fishes of Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay

India has an extensive coastline length of 8,129 km, continental shelf area of about 0.5 million km2 and the area available for fish production in the country is vast with 2.02 million km2of EEZ. Gulf of Mannar (GoM) is situated in the Indian Ocean, between south east of India and West of Sri Lanka from Rameswaram (79° 14' East Longitude and 9°14' North Latitude) and Tuticorin (78° 9' East Longitude 8°48' North Latitude) on the south-eastern coast of the country (Tamil Nadu).The Gulf is 80–170 miles (130–275 km) wide and 100 miles (160 km) long with a chain of 21 islands stretching from Mandapam to Tuticorin

First record of deformity in Chinese Pomfret, Pampus chinensis (Euphrasen, 1788) from Indian waters

The Chinese pomfret Pampus chinensis (Euphrasen, 1788) (Stromateidae) observed with deformity from fish landings at the Jegathapattinam fishing harbour along Palk Bay coast of Tamil Nadu. The abnormality owing to fractional dorsal fin may call as ‘saddleback syndrome’ and this may be due to any kind of physical injury during early stages or to a higher chance of predation and in due course, the wound healed and the individual survive even with extreme deformed condition. Such a deformity for this species of Pomfret has never been documented from Indian waters and this could be the first record in Pampus chinensis

Overview on commercially important pelagic fishery resources of Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay

Pelagic fishes are highly migratory and exhibit shoaling nature. They inhabited in the water column (not near the bottom of the shore) of the coast or open oceans. Based on the deepness of the water in which they exist, can be classified into coastal and oceanic fish. The “coastal resources” are called the groups like sardines, anchovies and shads which inhabit above the continental shelf,and oceanic resources are called Tuna, swordfish, and mackerel which inhabited below the continental shelf they are

Taxonomy and Biology of commercially important Species of Shrimps, Crabs and Lobsters

The crustacean fisheries of India have considerable importance in the economy of the country, earning very valuable foreign exchange. Edible marine crustaceans consisting of prawns, lobsters and crabs form the most important constituents of the commercial fish landings of India. Shrimps and prawns constitute a large group of crustaceans varying in size and are widely distributed in marine, brackish, and freshwater regions from the equator to the Polar Regions. Although the majority of the commercial marine species occupy shallow or moderately deep water areas along the continental shelves at depths of less than 100 m, some are found at depths of nearly 5700 m. Many prawns are pelagic but the majority by far is benthic, living on a large variety of bottoms such as rock, mud, peat, and sand, fragments of shells or mixtures of these materials

Conversion of mini trawls (Thallumadi) into light fishing craft targeting belonids and hemiramphids along palk bay, southeast coast of India

The needlefish both full beak and halfbeaks support a good fishery in Tamil Nadu and exploited by drift gillnet (Mural valai). In this study, we were focused to document the conversion of Mini trawls (Thallumadi) into light fishing craft targeting Belonids and Hemiramphids along Palk Bay. The detailed survey was conducted in the six landing centres along Palk Bay. The fishing was mainly targeted to catch Tylosurus crocodilus from 2000 to 0300 hrs at the distance of 3-4 NM in the depth of 5 m. After reaching the fishing ground, the fishes are usually aggregated using LED lights. The fishermen use the scoop net to collect the fishes. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) ranged from 36 to 40 kg/Unit and the fishery was dominated by T. crocodilus (85%) followed by Hemiramphus far (9%) and Ablennes hians (6%). The net operating income for this fishery is higher than the mini trawl fishery

Seagrass, Seaweed and Mangrove ecosystem of Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay region

The Gulf of Mannar, a shallow bay, with a coastline of 364.9 km, is known for its coral reefs and sea grass beds which harbour several endangered species. The Gulf-of-Mannar Marine National Park (GOMMNP) declared in 1986, under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, covers an area of almost 560 sq. km andincludes 21 islands. The 21 islands are distributed in four groups – Mandapam, Keezhakarai, Vembar and Tuticorin groups and located in 3-6 miles distance from the coast and vary in area from 0.25 ha to 130 ha.The Gulf of Mannar, the first Marine Biosphere Reserve (GOMMBR) in the South and South East Asia, covers from Rameswaram to Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu, Indi

Rescue of a green sea turtle caught in a midwater trawl along Palk Bay, Southeast coast of India

An exploratory fish trawl survey was conducted on 4th March 2021 along the Mallipattinam coast of Palk Bay, Tamil Nadu, on the southeast coast of India. Midwater trawling was carried out between the coordinates of 10.25° N, 79.53° E and 10.28° N, 79.64° E, 5 nautical miles offshore and in waters 7m deep. When hauling the trawl net, we noticed that a single green turtle (Chelonia mydas) was accidentally caught in the trawl catch (Figure 1). The neck of the turtle was entangled in an abandoned gillnet. The turtle was removed carefully from the codend of the trawl net and cut free from the entangling gillnet without any further apparent stress and injury. The turtle was carefully examined but no sign of injury or malformation were found. Morphometric measurements were taken with a flexible tape measure (Figure 2) and the weight estimated by hand (Table 1). The tail did not extend beyond the carapace so, at this size, the turtle cannot be conclusively identified as male or female. The turtle was released back into the sea with the help of crew members (Figure 3)