Comment l'infirmière parvient-elle à coopérer avec le proche aidant pour faciliter les soins à domicile: quelle forme de relation avec le proche aidant et comment répondre à ses besoins : travail de Bachelor

Introduction : Avec l’augmentation de la population vieillissante, les soins à domicile sont plus demandés afin de favoriser le maintien à domicile. Le rôle du proche aidant est donc une ressource essentielle pour l’infirmière qui devra alors créer un partenariat avec celui-ci. Méthode : Une revue de la littérature a été conduite en interrogeant les bases de données CINAHL, Pubmed et Banque de données en santé publique (BDSP). Résultats : La nature de la relation établie par l’infirmière avec le proche aidant en soins à domicile a été décrite par Ward-Griffin & McKeever (2000). L’outil ESPA qui est l’adaptation de l’outil COAT a été créé afin de permettre l’évaluation des besoins du proche aidant et de mettre en place des stratégies d’intervention adaptées. Il est important de préserver le proche aidant car il est le pilier de la prise en soin à domicile. Discussion : L’outil ESPA est comparé à l’échelle de Zarit dans le but de mettre en évidence ce qu’il apporte en plus dans les soins à domicile. D’après une approche systémique du soin à domicile selon le modèle de McGill, l’infirmière devrait privilégier une relation de partenariat. Conclusion : L’utilisation de l’outil ESPA parait plus pertinente dans le but d’établir une coopération entre l’infirmière et le proche aidant, ainsi que de permettre la mise en oeuvre d’une relation de type « travailleur-travailleur ». L’évaluation des besoins du proche aidant va faciliter le positionnement de l’infirmière dans la relation soignant - proche aidant

Unexplained severe portal hypertension in HIV-infected patients: a new clinical entity?

Cases of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension have been reported in HIV-negative patients as a result from exposure to adenosine analogues (e.g. azathioprine), bacterial infections, trace metals and chemicals, genetic coagulation disorders and/or autoimmune diseases. More recently, reports of similar cases in HIV-positive individuals have attracted much attention

Smoking Cessation in a Woman With Breast Cancer, Cardiovascular Problems, and Depressive Symptomatology: Case Study

Smoking is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality and has been linked with diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The case of a 50-year-old woman with breast cancer, who suffered a stroke the previous month and is in treatment for depression and wants to quit smoking, is analyzed. She smoked 10 cigarettes a day and had never quit smoking. She received six sessions of a cognitive-behavioral psychological intervention to quit smoking. She stopped smoking and remained abstinent through the 1-year follow-up, showing a clear physical improvement and a significant reduction of depressive symptomatology (from 24 on the Beck Depression Inventory–II [BDI-II] before treatment to 1 at the 12-month follow-up). This indicates that, in many cases, smoking cessation produces an improvement not only in physical health but also in moodThe author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The present investigation was funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain (Project No. PSI2015-66755-R) and the European Fund for Regional Development (FEDER), 2014-2020S

Comparison of high ribavirin induction versus standard ribavirin dosing, plus peginterferon-α for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients: the PERICO trial

[Abstract] BACKGROUND: Ribavirin (RBV) exposure seems to be critical to maximize treatment response in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. METHODS: HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals naive to interferon were prospectively randomized to receive peginterferon-α-2a (180 μg/d) plus either RBV standard dosing (1000 or 1200 mg/d if <75 or ≥ 75 kg, respectively) or RBV induction (2000 mg/d) along with subcutaneous erythropoietin β (450 IU/kg/wk), both during the first 4 weeks, followed by standard RBV dosing until completion of therapy. Early stopping rules at weeks 12 and 24 were applied in patients with suboptimal virological response. RESULTS: A total of 357 patients received ≥ 1 dose of the study medication. No differences in main baseline characteristics were found when comparing treatment arms. Sustained virological response (SVR) was attained by 160 (45%) patients, with no significant differences between RBV induction and standard treatment arms (SVR in 72 of 169 patients [43%] vs 88 of 188 [47%], respectively). At week 4, undetectable HCV RNA (29% vs 25%) and mean RBV trough concentration (2.48 vs 2.14 μg/mL) were comparable in both arms, whereas mean hemoglobin decay was less pronounced in the RBV induction plus erythropoietin arm than in the RBV standard dosing arm (-1.7 vs -2.3 mg/dL; P < .005). Treatment discontinuation occurred in 91 (25%) patients owing to nonresponse and in 29 (8%) owing to adverse events. HCV relapse occurred in 34 patients (10%). Univariate and multivariate analyses identified HCV genotype 2 or 3 (odds ratio [OR], 10.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.08-50.2; P = .004), IL28B CC variants (OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.33-6.41; P = .007), nonadvanced liver fibrosis (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.06-5.01; P = .03), and rapid virological response (OR, 40.3; 95% CI, 5.1-314.1; P < .001) as predictors of SVR. CONCLUSIONS: A 4-week course of induction therapy with high RBV dosing along with erythropoietin does not improve SVR rates in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. Preemptive erythropoietin might blunt the benefit of RBV overdosing by enhancing erythrocyte uptake of plasma RBV

El INdEC inundado (2007-2015): ¿Casus horribilis o prova d´orchesta de una estatalidad populista?

Esta ponencia presenta algunos resultados parciales de una investigación de doctorado, inquiriendo sobre las condiciones de sustentabilidad del ensayo populista all uso nostro de principios de siglo. Tomaremos en esta ocasión los conocidos y publicitados incidentes alrededor del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos como posible evidencia sintomática de una forma de “estatalidad” que resultaría consistente con prácticas políticas populistas (en el sentido de E. Laclau, La Razón Populista, 2005).Mesa 20: El Estado como problema y solución: Estado, administración y políticas públicasFacultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Clinical use of HIV integrase inhibitors : a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Optimal regimen choice of antiretroviral therapy is essential to achieve long-term clinical success. Integrase inhibitors have swiftly been adopted as part of current antiretroviral regimens. The purpose of this study was to review the evidence for integrase inhibitor use in clinical settings. Methods: MEDLINE and Web-of-Science were screened from April 2006 until November 2012, as were hand-searched scientific meeting proceedings. Multiple reviewers independently screened 1323 citations in duplicate to identify randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized controlled trials and cohort studies on integrase inhibitor use in clinical practice. Independent, duplicate data extraction and quality assessment were conducted. Results: 48 unique studies were included on the use of integrase inhibitors in antiretroviral therapy-naive patients and treatment-experienced patients with either virological failure or switching to integrase inhibitors while virologically suppressed. On the selected studies with comparable outcome measures and indication (n = 16), a meta-analysis was performed based on modified intention-to-treat (mITT), on-treatment (OT) and as-treated (AT) virological outcome data. In therapy-naive patients, favorable odds ratios (OR) for integrase inhibitor-based regimens were observed, (mITT OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.59-0.86). However, integrase inhibitors combined with protease inhibitors only did not result in a significant better virological outcome. Evidence further supported integrase inhibitor use following virological failure (mITT OR 0.27; 95% CI 0.11-0.66), but switching to integrase inhibitors from a high genetic barrier drug during successful treatment was not supported (mITT OR 1.43; 95% CI 0.89-2.31). Integrase inhibitor-based regimens result in similar immunological responses compared to other regimens. A low genetic barrier to drug-resistance development was observed for raltegravir and elvitegravir, but not for dolutegravir. Conclusion: In first-line therapy, integrase inhibitors are superior to other regimens. Integrase inhibitor use after virological failure is supported as well by the meta-analysis. Careful use is however warranted when replacing a high genetic barrier drug in treatment-experienced patients switching successful treatment

La brecha salarial de género en las empresas: ¿problema coyuntural o estructural?

Treballs Finals del Doble Grau d'Administració i Direcció d'Empreses i de Dret, Facultat d'Economia i Empresa i Facultat de Dret, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2018-2019 , Tutor: Fernando Barbancho Tovillas(cast) El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir y analizar la brecha salarial de género existente en las empresas, poniendo de relieve la existencia de la misma a pesar de los avances experimentados en cuanto a la participación femenina en el mercado laboral español. Se trata de analizar lo que prevé la legislación en cuanto a la igualdad salarial, cómo deberían ser los salarios, y se observa la realidad, es decir, la situación actual del mercado laboral, así como las causas de este trato desigual poniendo énfasis en el papel que las responsabilidades familiares y domésticas y el rol de la mujer tienen en la misma. Lo más relevante del análisis es el estudio de qué podrían hacer las empresas para paliar esta situación; es decir, qué medidas podrían implementar para que a igualdad de funciones haya igualdad de salarios independientemente del género al que pertenezca el trabajador/a.(eng) The objective of the present paper is to describe and analyse the gender pay gap in enterprises highlighting the existence of it despite the progress made in the female participation in the Spanish labour market. This project is divided in two parts. The first part analyses the current situation of the Spanish labour market in relation to salary equality between genders. It shows the difference between pay difference and pay discrimination, both concepts included in pay gap. Furthermore it analyses the causes of this unequal payment, placing emphasis on female family roles, domestic responsibilities and social position, and explaining why all of them affect the existence and persistence of the gender pay gap. The second part studies how Spanish, European and International legislation regulate the gender pay gap: how the pay roll should be according to the current law in Spain and appreciating if it is enough or should be reconsidered. Moreover, it analyses Spanish and European jurisprudence by benchmarking different interpretations of gender discrimination in labour area and behaviors followed against them. In the most relevant part of the analysis, suggestions are made as to how the private sector could reduce or remove gender discrimination. Several measures are proposed to in order to obtain equality between functions and salary, regardless of the gender of the employee. Even if it is true that achieving gender equal pay needs more than enterprise commitment, it is basic to change social mind

El uso del Geomarketing como herramienta fundamental para los negocios físicos y virtuales en la era del Big Data: apertura de un supermercado ecológico en Madrid.

Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas y Grado en Relaciones InternacionalesEl geomarketing es una disciplina reciente cuyas técnicas permiten a las empresas obtener la máxima rentabilidad de sus procesos estratégicos y toma de decisiones. Concretamente, dentro del sector retail de la alimentación, llevar a cabo un análisis de geomarketing permite maximizar las métricas económicas del negocio gracias al diseño de estrategias de marketing segmentadas, basadas en los patrones de comportamiento del público objetivo y en los criterios específicos para ese negocio. La principal ventaja que ofrece esta nueva disciplina es el aprovechamiento de los beneficios que aporta la geolocalización. Gracias a ésta es posible conocer los datos demográficos, económicos, de consumo y de movilidad de los potenciales clientes, proveedores y competidores de una actividad económica. En este trabajo se muestra, por tanto, cómo se pueden aprovechar algunas de las técnicas propias de un análisis de geomarketing ante la apertura de un supermercado ecológico en la ciudad de Madrid.Geomarketing is a recent discipline which techniques enable businesses to obtain maximum profitability from their strategic and decision-making processes. Specifically, within the food retail sector, carrying out a geomarketing analysis allows business to maximize their economic metrics thanks to segmented marketing strategies, based on the behavior patterns of the target audience and on the specific criteria for that specific business. The main advantage offered by this new discipline is to take advantage of the benefits that geolocation brings. This allows businesses to be aware of the demographic, economic, consumption and mobility data of potential customers, suppliers and competitors of an economic activity. This research shows, therefore, how some of the techniques of a geomarketing analysis can be used when opening an eco-supermarket in the city of Madrid

Letrado Asesor, Secretario de Consejo y Responsable de Cumplimiento Normativo: campos de coincidencia y delimitación de funciones

Grado en Derecho y Grado en Administración y Dirección de EmpresasEl Trabajo de Fin de Grado presentado a continuación versa sobre la interrelación existente entre las figuras del Letrado Asesor del Consejo de Administración, el Secretario del Consejo y el Responsable de Cumplimiento, y se plantea como objetivo analizar la conveniencia de que las tres figuras existan simultáneamente en la sociedad. Al mismo tiempo, se estudia cual sería la figura más apropiada para desempeñar la función de Cumplimiento Normativo en la empresa y se plantean posibles alternativas. Se trata de un tema de gran relevancia dada la proliferación que está teniendo en el mundo empresarial español el ya conocido como sector de Cumplimiento, del que a penas se ha escrito dada la novedad y poca regulación de la materia. Para dar respuesta al objetivo del trabajo, se han analizado las tres figuras, los principales campos de coincidencia de sus funciones y otros aspectos de índole organizativo, así como la responsabilidad de cada uno de ellos respecto de las actuaciones y decisiones sociales. Los principales resultados del estudio revelan la conveniencia de que sea un solo sujeto el que se ocupe del Cumplimiento y se propone la figura del Letrado Asesor como la más adecuada para el cargo.This study is about the interrelation between the institutions of the Legal Advisor, the Secretary of the Board of Directors and the Compliance Officer, and it aims to analyse the suitability of the three positions existing simultaneously in the society. At the same time, it is studied which would be the most appropriate figure to perform the function of Corporate Compliance in the company and the most probable alternatives. The issue is of great importance today, given the expansion of the Compliance sector through Spanish companies, which has hardly been written about yet given the novelty and little regulation of the subject. In order to respond to the objective, the three subjects, the fields of coincidence of their functions and other organizational aspects have been analysed, as well as the responsibility of each of them with respect to social actions and decisions. The main results of the study reveal the desirability of a single subject in charge of the Corporate Compliance and proposes the figure of the Legal Advisor as the most suitable for the position