How will tourism and hospitality education have to change in 5, 10 and 15 years' time for the global citizen student?

Higher Education within the UK is experiencing many changes, one of which is the changing nature of graduate profiles (Higher Education Academy, 2014). Traditionally Tourism and Hospitality education was predominately composed of home students. In recent years this has changed to include more international students. Our longitudinal research study of four years indicated that those international students’ encounter challenges when adapting to the UK University teaching systems, developing employability skills and integrating within the community. To address these challenges the lecturing team created a conceptual framework named The Learning, Assessment, Pastoral (LAP) conceptual Framework, which provides for a theoretical model perpetuating the concepts of incremental learning, critical thinking; volunteering, competitive spirit and mentoring. The entrenched framework formulation enables students to build confidence and a sense of belonging as well as an appreciation of the teaching, learning and assessment styles

Lost in Knowledge Translation: Moving Towards a Clearer Picture? Mapping the conceptualisation of knowledge translation, transfer and exchange across public health in the North East

Over recent decades the concept of evidence-based practice in health care has become part of the language of practitioners, policymakers and researchers. However, a gap between the production of research evidence and use of this evidence in practice has been identified, leading to repeated calls for solutions which will render the process more effective and efficient. It is increasingly acknowledged that getting evidence into, or out of, policy and practice arenas is not a straightforward or a linear process and to view it as such may be both misleading and overly simplistic. The term knowledge translation (KT) is used to describe the work required to close or bridge this gap and is becoming common vocabulary. However, as a concept KT (and related terms) are not yet clearly defined, nor are there agreed meanings in many areas including public health. While there is a growing body of literature exploring these concepts, using this evidence to inform public health practice, strategy, research and education is often difficult given the diverse range of sources, the worldviews upon which they are based and the need for local ‘contextual fit’. This study was commissioned by Fuse to explore how various stakeholder groups (e.g. practitioners, commissioners, academics, researchers, local authority/government) make sense of and experience the concepts and processes of knowledge translation, transfer and exchange. The study aims were to: Undertake a rapid review of recent literature syntheses pertaining to knowledge translation, exchange and transfer in public health, Explore and articulate (map) stakeholder conceptualisations and interpretations of knowledge translation, exchange and transfer in public health

Getting the balance right: qualitative evaluation of a holistic weight management intervention to address childhood obesity

Background Childhood obesity is linked to a range of health and social problems. Solutions include the delivery of appropriate weight management interventions for those aged 16 and under. The ‘Balance It! Getting the Balance Right’ programme appears to be effective for those who complete the intervention, but the non-completion rate remains high. A qualitative evaluation was undertaken to explore the views of key stakeholders in the programme and identify possible reasons for non-completion. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 16 NHS and local authority staff, and with 20 children (aged 4–16 years) and their families. A mosaic methodology was used, involving visual and verbal techniques employed to enable children of all ages to take an active role in expressing their opinions. Results Key themes included the challenges of approaching overweight children; positive outcomes for some families; and issues relating to communication and coordination. Participants spoke positively about the multi-disciplinary approach of ‘Balance It!’, but felt it could better meet the needs of its target population. Conclusions Structured interventions help to ensure consistency and coherence in terms of approaches to childhood overweight and obesity. Whole family approaches may be most effective in enhancing the user experience

A patient's experience of a new post-operative patient-controlled analgesic technique

A patient underwent major spinal surgery, twice within a 3 week period. On the first occasion his post-operative pain was managed by conventional morphine patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). After the second procedure his pain was managed by a patient-controlled computer-assisted titration of alfentanil. This provided the opportunity to compare the efficacy of these two drug regimens in the same subject. The results showed comparable quality of analgesia and sedation and similar effects on respiration. However, the patient expressed a preference for morphine PCA.published_or_final_versio

The effect of premedication on oxygen saturation during the post-premedication period in 20 Chinese children undergoing elective surgery

Peri-operative continuous pulse oximetric data were studied in healthy Chinese children randomly allocated to receive either pethidine 1 mg kg-1 and atropine 0.02 mg kg-1 intramuscularly 90 min prior to surgery (n=10), or midazolam 0.5 mg kg-1 and atropine 0.02 mg kg-1 orally, 120 min before surgery (n=10). Data were collected during the night before surgery, after premedication and for 8h post-operatively. The pulse oximeter (Nellcor N-200E) output was retrospectively evaluated using Satmaster(®), a computer programme which permits storage, retrieval, signal evaluation and compilation of oximetric data. There was no significant difference in the frequency, duration, or magnitude of desaturation episodes recorded during the post-premedication period compared to the desaturation episodes which occurred in the same child during normal sleep, on the night before surgery. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the desaturation data between the two premedicant regimens. No child recorded a genuine desaturation less than 80% for longer than 15s at any time during the study. Neither regimen significantly depressed saturation in otherwise healthy children presenting for minor surgical procedures.published_or_final_versio

Peri-operative administration of rectal diclofenac sodium. The effect on renal function in patients undergoing minor orthopaedic surgery

In a randomized, double-blind study, we administered placebo and diclofenac sodium 100 mg suppositories 1 h pre-operatively and on the first post-operative morning to 22 adult patients undergoing minor orthopaedic surgery. A standardized post-operative intravenous fluid regimen was instituted until oral fluids were tolerated. Renal function was assessed pre-operatively, and on the first and second post-operative days by the measurement of urine output, creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium and NAG (N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase) levels and serum creatinine, urea, sodium and potassium concentrations. On the first postoperative day, the diclofenac group demonstrated a reduced urinary sodium excretion. On the second postoperative day, a reduced urinary NAG/creatinine ratio was observed in the diclofenac group when compared to placebo. We conclude that peri-operative administration of diclofenac causes changes in renal function consistent with prostaglandin inhibition on the first post-operative day but had no lasting adverse effects in this group of patients. Our results reinforce the need for caution when administering this drug in the context of pre-existing renal impairment.published_or_final_versio

Improving health and well-being through community health champions: a thematic evaluation of a programme in Yorkshire and Humber.

AIMS: The contribution that lay people can make to the public health agenda is being increasingly recognised in research and policy literature. This paper examines the role of lay workers (referred to as 'community health champions') involved in community projects delivered by Altogether Better across Yorkshire and Humber. The aim of the paper is to describe key features of the community health champion approach and to examine the evidence that this type of intervention can have an impact on health. METHODS: A qualitative approach was taken to the evaluation, with two strands to gathering evidence: interviews conducted with different stakeholder groups including project leads, key partners from community and statutory sectors and community workers, plus two participatory workshops to gather the views of community health champions. Seven projects (from a possible 12) were identified to be involved in the evaluation. Those projects that allowed the evaluation team to explore fully the champion role (training, infrastructure, etc.) and how that works in practice as a mechanism for empowerment were selected. In total, 29 semi-structured interviews were conducted with project staff and partners, and 30 champions, varying in terms of age, gender, ethnicity and disability, took part in the workshops. RESULTS: Becoming a community health champion has health benefits such as increased self-esteem and confidence and improved well-being. For some champions, this was the start of a journey to other opportunities such as education or paid employment. There were many examples of the influence of champions extending to the wider community of family, friends and neighbours, including helping to support people to take part in community life. Champions recognised the value of connecting people through social networks, group activities, and linking people into services and the impact that that had on health and well-being. Project staff and partners also recognised that champions were promoting social cohesiveness and helping to integrate people into their community. CONCLUSIONS: The recent public health White Paper suggested that the Altogether Better programme is improving individual and community health as well as increasing social capital, voluntary activity and wider civic participation. This evaluation supports this statement and suggests that the community health champion role can be a catalyst for change for both individuals and communities

Development of Conceptual and Process Models of Growing Pains: A Mixed-Method Research Design

Despite being a common childhood complaint there is little research on growing pains. Existing research is inconsistent with regard to sample selection and prevalence rates. There are only two English language intervention studies, and with the exception of associations noted in prevalence research, there has been no systematic research on the potential impact of growing pains on daily activities. Lack of a universal definition of growing pains poses difficulty for both diagnosis and research. The purposes of the current investigation were to propose a definition of growing pains grounded in literature and clinical practice, to develop a conceptual model of growing pains, and to understand children’s experiences with growing pains. A mixed-method research program involved four phases. In phase I, a survey of physicians indicated the following definition of growing pains: Intermittent pain of unknown etiology, occurring nocturnally in the lower limbs. Features that may occur in some cases, but not part of the definition, include arm pain and daytime pain. In phase II, non-parametric statistical analyses of child, familial, and environmental variables in a rheumatology clinic database were conducted to determine potential risk factors for growing pains. Logistic regression modeling indicated an association between growing pains and maternal illness or rash during the pregnancy, maternal smoking during the pregnancy, delayed pull to standing (i.e., greater than age 10 months), and family histories of back pain and arthritis. Potential mechanisms for these empirical associations are explored. In phase III, qualitative interviews with children were conducted to develop a grounded theory of how children process their experiences. Children engaged in a process of evaluating their current and past experiences of growing pains to determine how to manage specific pain episodes. Their evaluation was influenced by how they understood their pain which in turn was influenced by their intrapersonal and interpersonal experiences. Phase IV integrated results and existing literature to develop a conceptual model of growing pains which outlines characteristic features, predisposing factors, triggers, alleviating actions, and associated psychosocial features. Implications of the process theory and the conceptual model of growing pains with regard to clinical practice and future research are discussed

Kinder Carnage

In the wake of school shootings, including Parkland, states and school districts have scrambled to protect against threats. But faced with no federal focus on gun control and little funding, schools have to make tough safety choices. Some have adopted novelty security gadgets; others have discussed arming teachers and even giving children tools to defend themselves. To some, this is the ideal solution; the answer to violence is more violence. And so, some schools are starting to resemble military camps. With reporting from a security conference in Florida, and a military camp for kids in Kentucky, this story takes a deep look into the violence that\u27s firmly locked into the DNA of America. https://talibvisram.exposure.co/kinder-carnag