Përballja me dhunën ndërgrupore

Në konfliktet ndërgrupore, ballafaqimi me të kaluarën është esencial për pajtim. Tendencat e njerëzve për të fajësuar njëri-tjetrin për vuajtjet e kaluara të brendagrupit nga jashtëgrupit mund të shkaktojë sfida të konsiderueshme për pajtim. Përndryshe, marrëdhëniet ndërgrupore mund të përmirȅsohen nëse njerëzit shfaqin qëndrime për të falur jashtëgrupin për vuajtjet e shkaktuara grupit të brendshëm. Ky studim ka analizuar se si anëtarët e grupeve rivale reagojnë kur diskutojnë rreth dhunës ndërgrupore të përjetuar. Ky studim është bazuar në takimet me dialog të strukturuar me pjesëmarrës shqiptarȅ dhe serbȅ në Kosovë. Duke përdorur udhëzuesin e Braun dhe Clarke për analizȅ të të dhënave, rezultatet kanë treguar se anëtarët e grupit rival përqendrohen kryesisht në ngjarjet kur brendagrupi ka vuajtur përderisa neglizhojnë ngjarjet kur jashtëgrupi ka vuajtur. Studimi ka gjetur se njerëzit përdorin strategji të ndryshme për të mohuar apo justifikuar dhunën e brendagrupit ndaj jashtëgrupit. Kërkim falja, shfajësimi, fajësimi i të tjerëve, përgjegjësia kolektive dhe turpi i brendagrupit janë temat e shfaqura kur grupet rivale kanë diskutuar për dhunën ndërgrupore në të kaluarën

ACDI/VOCA-AICCRA Internship Program

To accelerate inclusive and gainful employment for young women and men in Zambia, ACDI/VOCA, under its USAIID EDGE project, developed an internship program. ACDI/VOCA partnered with the Accelerating Impact of CGIAR Climate Research for Africa (AICCRA) project to deliver a joint program centered around building capacities of interns in business management skills, key value chain practices, climate information services (CIS) and climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices

The Impact of Human Resources Development on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Performance

The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of the Human Resources Development (HRD) on the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Kosovo. There is a large volume of research that support the positive relationship between HRD and the organizational performance. Most of such research was conducted in the developed countries and to a lesser extent in the developing countries (countries in transit). Through this study we confirmed the impact of the investments in various forms of HRD in the performance of the SMEs in Kosovo. This study provides empirical data that support the impact of training and development, career development and motivation of employees on organizational performance, but the results of this study do not support the impact of the education of entrepreneurs on the organizational performance

Seed system security assessment: Haiti

A Seed System Security Assessment (SSSA) was carried out in Haiti in May-June 2010. The work assessed the impact of the 12 January 2010 earthquake on households and agricultural livelihoods, including pos - sible changes in assets, land holdings, labor availability, income generation activities, crop profiles and seed use. The work also analyzed acute seed security issues, monitoring farmers’ seed procurement strategies and examining the effects of any aid given. As a third thrust, the SSSA looked at chronic seed security problems, including those related to seed/grain markets, agricultural product transformation and access to modern variet - ies. Hence the foci included ‘very short term’, as well as short- and medium-term issues. Ten sites have been included in the assessment. These are located in the following communes: Bassin Bleu, Chantal, Hinche, Lascahobas, Verrettes, Marigot, Le Petit Goave (plains/hills), Léogâne, Belle Anse and La Vallée de Jacmel. The sites typify Haiti smallholder agricultural regions and allow for insights into the mix of areas in which humanitarian and development aid unfolds. In terms of agro-ecology, the sites range from the better-off irrigated areas of Verrettes, to some of the drought-prone zones of Bassin Bleu, and include a range of mountainous and lowland locales . Furthermore, Léogâne, La Vallée de Jacmel, and Le Petite Goave are located directly in the earthquake epicenter and can be contrasted and compared with the other seven sites scattered across the country. The SSSA consisted of a total of 983 comprehensive farmer interviews, plus 35 focus group sessions (21 mixed, 15 women only), key informant interviews, and commissioned studies on special topics. Note that an SSSA goes well beyond a conventional seed needs assessment as it homes in on specific seed security problems communities face, and then recommends actions to alleviate specific constraints, and often improve systems

PROSES ASUHAN GIZI TERSTANDAR PADA PASIEN STROKE DI RS PKU MUHAMMADIYAH GAMPING

Latar Belakang: Stroke adalah gangguan pembuluh darah otak yang terbagi menjadi dua jenis utama: stroke iskemik (non-hemoragik) dan stroke hemoragik. Faktor-faktor seperti pola makan, stres, dan gaya hidup diduga berkontribusi pada meningkatnya angka kejadian stroke, yang dapat diidentifikasi melalui pemeriksaan kadar lemak darah. Asuhan gizi terstandar sangat penting dalam penanganan pasien stroke untuk menghindari peningkatan keparahan penyakit dan meningkatkan status gizi pasien. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pelaksanaan proses asuhan gizi terstandar pada pasien stroke di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping. Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah observasional deskriptif dengan desain studi kasus. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping dengan subjek pasien stroke yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Fokus penelitian mencakup skrining gizi, pengkajian gizi, diagnosis gizi, penetapan tujuan diet, intervensi diet, serta monitoring dan evaluasi. Hasil: Skrining gizi menggunakan Mini Nutritional Assessment - Short Form (MNA-SF) menunjukkan adanya malnutrisi pada pasien. Pengkajian gizi lebih lanjut mengonfirmasi malnutrisi meskipun status gizi berdasarkan lingkar lengan atas (LiLA) menunjukkan status gizi yang baik. Pemeriksaan biokimia menunjukkan kadar kolesterol HDL dan LDL yang tinggi. Pemeriksaan fisik mengindikasikan adanya disfagia, mual, kelemahan pada tangan kiri, serta kulit kering. Pemeriksaan tambahan termasuk EKG, CT Scan Kepala, dan Thorax PA Dewasa. Asupan makanan berdasarkan recall 24 jam menunjukkan defisit berat. Intervensi diet yang diterapkan adalah diet RG dengan makanan lunak dan saring, dengan frekuensi makan 3 kali sehari dan 2 kali selingan. Hasil monitoring dan evaluasi menunjukkan ketidakstabilan dalam asupan makanan, namun kondisi pasien membaik secara keseluruhan. Kesimpulan: Pasien stroke di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping menunjukkan malnutrisi dengan status gizi yang baik. Walaupun asupan makanan tidak stabil, terdapat perbaikan kondisi pasien setelah diterapkan intervensi gizi. Penatalaksanaan asuhan gizi yang tepat sangat berperan dalam pemulihan pasien stroke. Kata kunci : Stroke, pelaksaan asuhan gizi ; asupan makan ; case repor

Potencial energético de la biomasa procedente de árboles frutales podados en Croacia

 The world's most developed countries and the European Union (EU) deem that the renewable energy sources should partly substitute fossil fuels and become a “bridge” to the utilization of other energy sources of the future. This paper will present the possibility of using pruned biomass from fruit cultivars. It will also present the calculation of potential energy from the mentioned raw materials in order to determine the extent of replacement of non-renewable sources with these types of renewable energy. One of the results of the intensive fruit-growing process, in post pruning stage, is large amount of pruned biomass waste. Based on the calculated biomass (kg ha-1) from intensively grown woody fruit crops that are most grown in Croatia (apple, pear, apricots, peach and nectarine, sweet cherry, sour cherry, prune, walnut, hazelnut, almond, fig, grapevine, and olive) and the analysis of combustible (carbon 45.55-49.28%, hydrogen 5.91-6.83%, and sulphur 0.18-0.21%) and non-combustible matters (oxygen 43.34-46.6%, nitrogen 0.54-1.05%, moisture 3.65-8.83%, ashes 1.52-5.39%) with impact of lowering the biomass heating value (15.602-17.727 MJ kg-1), the energy potential of the pruned fruit biomass is calculated at 4.21 PJ.Los principales países desarrollados del mundo y de la Unión Europea (UE) consideran que las fuentes de energía renovables deberían sustituir parcialmente a los combustibles fósiles y convertirse en el futuro en un “puente” hacia la utilización de otras fuentes de energía. En este trabajo, se planteó la posibilidad de utilizar biomasa cortada procedente de cultivos frutales con el propósito de calcular el potencial energético del mencionado material en bruto, así como determinar el grado de remplazo de fuentes no renovables con este tipo de fuentes de energía renovable. Uno de los resultados del proceso de cultivo de frutales en intensivo, tras la época de poda, es la gran cantidad de biomasa cortada inútil. En base al cálculo de biomasa (kg ha-1) de los frutales leñosos de cultivo intensivo más comunes en el territorio de Croacia (manzano, peral, albaricoquero, melocotonero y nectarino, cerezo, guindo, ciruelo, nogal, avellano, almendro, higuera, viña y olivo) y en base al análisis de partículas combustibles (carbono 45,55-49,28%, hidrógeno 5,91-6,83% y azufre 0,18-0,21%) y de partículas no combustibles (oxígeno 43,34-46,6%, nitrógeno 0,54-1,05%, vapor de agua 3,65-8,83% y cenizas 1,52-5,39%) que influyen en el poder calorífico  inferior de la biomasa (15,602-17,727 MJ kg-1), se calcula que la energía potencial de los restos de poda de frutales es 4.21 PJ

Dealing with the Past Intergroup Violence

In intergroup conflicts, dealing with the past is essential for reconciliation. Peoples’ tendencies to blame each other for the past ingroup suffering by outgroup can cause a considerable challenge for reconciliation. Alternatively, if people show forgiving attitudes toward outgroups for inflicting ingroup suffering, intergroup relations can improve. This study analyzed how rival group members react when discussing past intergroup violence. The study is based on structured dialogue meetings with Albanian and Serbian participants in Kosovo. Using Braun and Clarke’s guide for data analysis, the results showed that rival group members emphasize mainly the events when the ingroup have suffered while neglecting the events when the outgroup have suffered. The study found that people use various strategies to deny or justify past ingroup violence toward the outgroup. Forgiveness, apology, blaming the other, collective responsibility and ingroup shame, are themes that have emerged when rival groups discussed past intergroup violence. We discuss the implications of these themes for intergroup relations in Kosovo

WILD EDIBLE SPECIES OF RUBUS AT NATURE PARK MEDVEDNICA (NW CROATIA)

The flora in the Republic of Croatia is rich with plant species due to its climate conditions and geographical location. Edible fruit species containing a great amount of various vitamins, antioxidance and minerals are of a significant importance in creating biodiversity of species. Escpecially important are representatives of wild edible berries. In order to preserve the biodiversity it is necessary to protect the interesting plant material (in situ) and to generate a collection (ex situ) - gene bank to be used in breeding programmes. The adaptability to edaphic and climatic conditions is an advantage of this material in breeding programme.  Researches were carried out in July and September 2007 in the area of Nature Park Medvednica, with an aim to determine the presence of Rubus sp, their determination and their disposition in the Nature Park Medvednica. This research has determined seven types of Rubus sp. and their location in Nature Park Medvednica is presented on corresponding map. The species Rubus discolor L. was found the most prevalent. For this reason the chemical and pomological analysis of Rubus discolor fruits were carried out. Chemical analysis included measurment of total soluble solid (TSS) and total acidity (TA). Monitoring of pomological traits in this experiment covered fruit weight, height and width, and number of druplets

The Correlation Between Adult Age Factors toward The Clinical Manifestation and The Severity Level of COVID-19 in Bengkulu Province in 2020

Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory disease in Wuhan, China, and was discovered discovered in 2019. The things that need to be considered in COVID-19 patients include their clinical manifestation and the severity level of COVID-19. The severity level of COVID-19 patients is associated with age. Each age has a different proportion of severity. The study aimed to determine the correlations among adult age with clinical manifestation and severity of COVID-19 in Bengkulu Province 2020. This study used an observational analytic study. The sample was 108 patients 19 - ≥65 years old and confirmed positive for COVID-19 in 2020. The assessment used the epidemiological investigation form and medical record from Dr. M.Yunus Hospital. At the same time, the severity level of COVID-19 was obtained from the measurement based on the COVID-19 Prevention and Control Guidelines by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The results showed that the subjects in 19 – 23 years old mostly have asymptomatic severity, 24 – 64 years old mostly have mild severity, and ≥65 years old have moderate severity. It was concluded that there was a significant correlation between the severity of COVID-19 in Bengkulu Province in 2020