Re-Moved

The author was invited to present his research-in-progress within a national symposium hosted by Land2 and the University of Hertfordshire. The symposium was concerned with the representation of landscape and the arts. The presentation included a series of projected images produced over a one year period and an account of the context and associated theories which have informed the making of the work. The work explores the visual and intellectual territory beyond that which might be concealed by the man-nature dialectics that are customarily applied to contested landscapes. The approach is influenced by Actor Network Theory (ANT). ANT configures all things of any scale - human or non-human/conscious or non-conscious - as actors that interact and comprise a study network. It argues that all actors in the dynamic and heterogeneous network have equal weighting and create interconnections and associations. It’s argued that because ANT collapses the nature– society/space–time dialectics into one concept it is a viable method for studying anything in the landscape. Whilst sensing a need to overcome the potential limitations of the nature-society binary, the investigation recognises the inherent difficulties in manifesting a visual language to achieve this. Three distinct research methods were deployed - driving, walking and then collecting materials and speculating on land/material combinations on location and in the studio. The work shown in the associated illustrations explores visual manifestations of spatial intimacy, temporariness and heterogeneity within the milieu of the highly geometrically ordered and functional environment of the desert landscape and the vast labyrinth of plastic greenhouses associated with the Almeria region of Spai

The differential magnification of high-redshift ultraluminous infrared galaxies

A class of extremely luminous high-redshift galaxies has recently been detected in unbiased submillimetre-wave surveys using the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) camera at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. Most of the luminosity of these galaxies is emitted from warm interstellar dust grains, and they could be the high-redshift counterparts of the low-redshift ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). Only one - SMM J02399-0136 - has yet been studied in detail. Three other very luminous high-redshift dusty galaxies with well determined spectral energy distributions in the mid-infrared waveband are known - IRAS F10214+4724, H1413+117 and APM 08279+5255. These were detected serendipitously rather than in unbiased surveys, and are all gravitationally lensed by a foreground galaxy. Two - H 1413+117 and APM 08279+5255 - appear to emit a significantly greater fraction of their luminosity in the mid-infrared waveband as compared with both low-redshift ULIRGs and high-redshift submillimetre-selected galaxies. This can be explained by a systematically greater lensing magnification of hotter regions of the source as compared with cooler regions: differential magnification. This effect can confuse the interpretation of the properties of distant ultraluminous galaxies that are lensed by intervening galaxies, but offers a possible way to investigate the temperature distribution of dust in their nuclei on scales of tens of parsecs.Comment: 5 pages, 1 two-panel figure, 2 one-panel figures. In press at MNRAS. Final proof versio

Using Inherent Judicial Power in a State-Level Budget Dispute

State courts are in financial crisis. Since the mid-1990s, state legislatures have allowed funding for their judicial systems to stagnate or dwindle. With diminished resources, state courts have struggled to provide adequate access to justice and dispute resolution. The solution to this crisis may lie in the doctrine of inherent judicial power. Courts have historically used inherent power to request additional funds from local legislative bodies for discrete expenditures. The use of inherent power to challenge the overall sufficiency of a judicial budget, however, has proven troubling. Under the current formulation of the inherent-power doctrine, a state court contesting the adequacy of a statewide judicial budget runs into two problems. First, by invoking its inherent power to compel additional funding, the court may usurp the appropriation power of the legislature. Second, state courts threaten their own legitimacy by taking a portion of the state budget out of the political process. In response to these problems, this Note proposes a reformulation of the inherent-power doctrine. Specifically, state courts should invoke inherent power against a legislature only under a standard of absolute necessity to perform the duties required by federal and state constitutional law. This new standard limits the use of inherent power to situations that threaten the judiciary\u27s ability to perform its constitutionally mandated functions. By cabining the permitted uses of inherent power, the standard respects the separation of powers and preserves the judiciary\u27s public legitimacy