The Hyperlinked Scandinavian News Ecology. The unequal terms forged by the structural properties of digitalisation

The article presents a network analysis of 22,861,013 geocoded external hyperlinks, collected from 230 Danish, 220 Norwegian and 208 Swedish news websites in 2016. The analysis asks what the structural properties of the Scandinavian media systems—including its geography and ownership structures—mean for news outlets’ centrality within the hyperlinked news ecology. The analysis finds that whereas incumbent legacy media occupy central positions, about one third of the network is absent from the hyperlinked interaction, primarily local, independently owned newspapers. A multiple linear regression analysis shows that national distribution and corporate ownership correlates to network centrality more than other predictors. As brokers in the network consist of the large, legacy, capital-based news organisations, hyperlink connectivity is primarily characterised by proximity to the centres of power, corporate ownership, agenda setting incumbency and national distribution. </p

The Ideology of Monastic and Aristocratic Community in Late Roman Gaul

Las invasiones bárbaras del siglo V y la creciente importancia de la Iglesia cristiana afectó seriamente a la posición social de la aristocracia de Galia. Este artículo pone de manifiesto cómo la respuesta aristocrática fue hacer causa común para asegurar su supervivencia; así utilizaron la ideología cristiana para transmitir un nuevo sentido a la comunidad aristocrática, permitiéndoles mantener su influencia y unidad en tiempos posteriores.During the fifth century, with the arrival of the barbarians and the rise of the Christian church, aristocratic society in Gaul was sorely threatened. This study argues that Gallic aristocrats responded by making common cause. They compensated for their fewness in numbers and fostered their own survival by using Christian ideologies to create a new sense of aristocratic community. In Gaul, this period saw a reconciliation of apparent inconsistencies. Laymen could act like monks, and monks like laymen. Monks could became bishops, and bishops could act like monks. And all were equally approprieate occupations for aristocrats. As a result of their ability to resolve the potential inconsistencies among these spheres of activity, the Gauls were able to meet the changes in their world with a unified front, and as were able to maintain an influential presence on into the Middle Ages

The Ideology of Monastic and Aristocratic Community in Late Roman Gaul

Las invasiones bárbaras del siglo V y la creciente importancia de la Iglesia cristiana afectó seriamente a la posición social de la aristocracia de Galia. Este artículo pone de manifiesto cómo la respuesta aristocrática fue hacer causa común para asegurar su supervivencia; así utilizaron la ideología cristiana para transmitir un nuevo sentido a la comunidad aristocrática, permitiéndoles mantener su influencia y unidad en tiempos posteriores.During the fifth century, with the arrival of the barbarians and the rise of the Christian church, aristocratic society in Gaul was sorely threatened. This study argues that Gallic aristocrats responded by making common cause. They compensated for their fewness in numbers and fostered their own survival by using Christian ideologies to create a new sense of aristocratic community. In Gaul, this period saw a reconciliation of apparent inconsistencies. Laymen could act like monks, and monks like laymen. Monks could became bishops, and bishops could act like monks. And all were equally approprieate occupations for aristocrats. As a result of their ability to resolve the potential inconsistencies among these spheres of activity, the Gauls were able to meet the changes in their world with a unified front, and as were able to maintain an influential presence on into the Middle Ages

Drivers of the Value of the Firm: Profitability, Growth, and Capital Intensity

Value-based management systems focus on wealth and the wealth creation process and promote the generation of value for the shareholders. A valuation model for the firm is extended analytically to focus explicitly on profitability, growth, and capital intensity as drivers of the value of the firm. The extended model provides information about the sensitivities of the value of the firm to changes in the firm\u27s profitability, growth, and capital intensity. These sensitivities are presented in terms of changes per dollar of sales and actual dollar changes. The changes per dollar of sales show the relative sensitivities of the changes in the value of the firm resulting from changes in the measures for profitability, growth, and capital intensity. Each dollar amount shows the total dollar changes in the value of the firm resulting from changes in the profitability, growth, and capital intensity measures. These sensitivities show the impact of changes in the profitability, growth, and capital intensity measures on the value of the firm. This information is valuable in helping managers determine a desired course of action to improve the wealth generating ability of the firm by managing these value drivers more effectively

Does Parliament Matter in New Democracies? The Case of South Africa 1994-2000

The role of parliaments is a neglected topic in the study of the democratisation in sub-Saharan Africa. This working paper provides a case study of the South African parliament from the first democratic elections in 1994 to the present. The paper examines the external environment and the internal characteristics of parliament and provides a description of the institution. The second part discusses the dominant party, the ANC, and its role in the evolution of parliament. The paper concludes that the South African parliament has substantial powers. These powers have also been used by the new parliamentarians. An important condition for its success is the resources available to Parliament and its ability to rely on alternative expertise and knowledge available through universities, interest groups and others. However, it is also concluded that parliament’s ability to influence public policy is critically dependent on the ruling ANC and their commitment to parliamentary politics, rules and regulations

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Estimates of the Sensitivities of the Value of the Firm to Profitability, Growth, and Capital Intensity

Value-based management systems concentrate on actions that generate value for the shareholders in the wealth creation process (Fisher 1995; Lieber 1996; Walbert 1994). This study focuses explicitly on profitability, growth, and capital intensity as drivers of the value of the firm by extending a free cash flow valuation model for the firm. The extended model is used to provide information about the sensitivities of the value of the firm to changes in the firm\u27s profitability, growth, and capital intensity. These sensitivities are presented in terms of partial derivatives and dollar changes. The partial derivatives show the changes in the value of the firm resulting from a small change in the measures for profitability, growth, or capital intensity. Each dollar amount shows the dollar changes in the value of the firm resulting from a small change in the profitability, growth, or capital intensity measures. These sensitivities show the impact of changes in the profitability, growth, and capital intensity measures on the value of the firm. This information is valuable in helping managers predict the results of actions to improve the wealth generating ability of the firm by managing these value drivers more effectivel

Unequal Responsiveness and Government Partisanship in Northwest Europe

This paper pools datasets on policy responsiveness to public opinion in Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. Following the empirical strategy set out by Gilens (2012), we show that the policy outputs correspond much better to the preferences of affluent citizens than to the preferences of low- and middle-income citizens in all four countries. We proceed to explore how government partisanship conditions unequal responsiveness. In so doing, we distinguish between economic/welfare issues and other issues and we also distinguish between the period before 1998 and the period since 1998. Our findings suggest that policy-making under Left-leaning governments was relatively more responsive to low- and middle-income citizens in the economic/welfare domain before 1998, but this was not true for other policy domains before 1998 and it is no longer true for the economic/welfare domain. We conclude with some general reflections on the implications of our empirical findings for the literature on mechanisms of unequal representation in liberal democracies

Fish Structure in Channel Networks of a Large Anabranching Floodplain: Effect of Isolation/Connection Processes

Channel networks of floodplain rivers are the main routes for water, sediment, organic matter, and aquatic organisms between main channels and lakes, playing a substantial role in floodplain dynamics. Despite their importance most investigations in large floodplain rivers focus on main channels and lentic water bodies. This research deals with fish assemblage variations in different lotic sites (scour holes and straight reaches) of one of the many channels which shape the wide anabranching floodplain of the middle reach of the Paraná River. We considered the influence of environmental factors, such as hydro-geomorphological features and water quality of the channel, connections with surrounding lentic water bodies, seasonality, and interannual flow variations. The results showed two main ecological patterns closely related to floodplain connectivity. In-channel habitat heterogeneity has low influence on fish assemblages when minor channels are connected to significant flooded areas (sampling period 2013–2016). Spatial or temporal predictions of fish structure during these stages are not easy due to the interaction of several environmental factors. However, during very low water levels (winter of 2018) most lentic areas become isolated from the nearby channel network, and floodplain fish are forced to move into the numerous scour holes of the floodplain channels where water conditions resemble those in lentic habitats. Our work highlights the importance of in-channel characteristics of floodplain river networks and their crucial role for fish conservation, particularly during very low water stages.Fil: Abrial, Elie. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Espínola, Luis Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Amsler, Mario Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Rabuffetti, Ana Pia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Latosinski, Francisco Guillermo. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas. Departamento de Hidráulica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Szupiany, Ricardo Nicolas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas. Departamento de Hidráulica; ArgentinaFil: Eurich, María Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Blettler, Martin Cesar Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; Argentin