Making SPIFFI SPIFFIER: Upgrade of the SPIFFI instrument for use in ERIS and performance analysis from re-commissioning

SPIFFI is an AO-fed integral field spectrograph operating as part of SINFONI on the VLT, which will be upgraded and reused as SPIFFIER in the new VLT instrument ERIS. In January 2016, we used new technology developments to perform an early upgrade to optical subsystems in the SPIFFI instrument so ongoing scientific programs can make use of enhanced performance before ERIS arrives in 2020. We report on the upgraded components and the performance of SPIFFI after the upgrade, including gains in throughput and spatial and spectral resolution. We show results from re-commissioning, highlighting the potential for scientific programs to use the capabilities of the upgraded SPIFFI. Finally, we discuss the additional upgrades for SPIFFIER which will be implemented before it is integrated into ERIS.Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures. Proceedings from SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 201

The Geographical Origins and Destinations of Medical Graduates in Quebec, 1834-1939

An analysis of the recruitment markets of Quebec's medical schools during the 19th and 20th centuries indicates that each institution was unique in fulfilling the needs of its particular constituency. In comparing and contrasting the various schools, Professor Weisz emphasizes the roles assumed by McGill as part of the network of elite North American Universities and that of Laval as the supplier of doctors for general practice in rural Quebec. Une analyse des marchés du recrutement des écoles médicales du Québec aux XIXe et XXe siècles indique que chaque institution était unique parce qu’elle répondait aux besoins de son environnement particulier. En faisant une analyse comparative des différentes écoles, le professeur Weisz met l’accent sur les rôles qu’assumaient McGill dans le réseau d’élite des universités en Amérique du Nord tandis que Laval fournissait les médecins pour la pratique générale dans les régions rurales du Québec

A history of the Antisemitic 1934 Montreal Hospital Strike

On June 15th, 1934, interns at Montreal’s Notre Dame Hospital initiated Canada’s first medical strike in protest of the appointment of Dr. Samuel Rabinovitch, a French-speaking Jewish graduate of Université de Montréal, as chief intern. By June 16th, the strike had spread to 75 more interns from Hôpital de la Miséricorde, Sainte-Justine, Hôtel-Dieu, and St. Jean-de-Dieu. The strike was purely antisemitic, targeting the first Jewish physician appointed to a staff position at a Catholic hospital. By situating the strike within its social context, Rabinovitch’s story exemplifies medicine’s history of systemic racism and highlights the contradiction between these practices and the medical principle of “do no harm.” Our aim is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between Montreal’s medical history and antisemitism in the first half of the twentieth century. We conclude that the strike reinforces the historical basis of promoting racial diversity and inclusion in medical education.

Remembering Eliahu de Luna Montalto (1567-1616)

Born in Portugal and the son of Marranos (Christianized Jews from Spain), Eliahu de Luna Montalto lived during a particularly harsh period for the Jewish people. Throughout Europe, the situation for Jews was unfavorable; laws had been passed forbidding them to live in England for the past 300 years, and for the past 200 years in France. Additionally, in France, while Jews were permitted to study at some universities, the practice of medicine was forbidden to them. It is within this context that Eliahu de Luna Montalto, who had returned to his original faith (Judaism), was recruited to the French court. This paper pays tribute to Montalto’s life and medical practice—so exemplary that the Queen of France would ask Montalto to serve at the court and receive Papal permission for Montalto openly to observe his faith as a Jew, this despite the objections of the King of France

Secondary Guilt Syndrome May Have Led Nazi-persecuted Jewish Writers to Suicide

Feelings of guilt have tormented Holocaust survivors, ranging from immediately after the liberation to later in life, for shorter or longer periods, and persisting for some throughout their entire post-war lives. Descriptions of the guilt experienced by survivors of the Nazi camps occupy an impressive amount of literature: “Why me?” was the question, when a younger and more able family member perished; “Why me?” when more productive members of the community perished; “Why me?” when a million and a half children were deprived of their lives. Many found the answer by retelling their stories, witnesses of what happened. This type of guilt is much different from the recently described phenomenon of survivor syndrome, namely the secondary guilt felt by Nazi-persecuted Jewish writers. Despite successes in all aspects of their life, these writers developed a self-incriminating guilt due to their perceived inadequacy of communicating, particularly in light of the resurging anti-Semitism worldwide. This paper deals with the survival and suicides of Nazi-persecuted Jewish writers and offers a possible explanation for their late selfdestructive act

An Unusual Case of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

The complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) was reported in the literature following numerous traumatic events. Stretching the Brachial plexus, such as in peri-operational positioning, was as yet not found. The author is presenting a recently discovered such case. The clinical presentation is illustrated by a probable mechanism of pathogenesis

Starvation Genocide and the Triumph of Raphael Lemkin

Today, in the 21st century, most people are aware of the term genocide. However, few people are aware that this term only entered the English language in the 1940s, as a result of the dedicated work of a brilliant and successful man who deprived himself of a private family life so that he could be free to fight for his ideas. Although Raphael Lemkin was instrumental in the recognition of genocide by the United Nations, he died too early and was buried with no honor. This paper reviews the life and work of Raphael Lemkin, and his triumph in seeing genocide recognized as a crime