Fishes of the Lake Eyre catchment of central Australia

Despite a defining quality of a desert being a lack of water, deserts do have water resources which maintain wildlife, especially aquatic wildlife, much of which cannot survive without permanent water. Around 70% of the land mass of Australia is considered arid and the arid areas can be separated broadly into two regions based on its fishes. The western portion includes the inland drainages from west of the Finke River near Alice Springs in the Northern Territory to the edge of the Pilbara in Western Australia. This massive area is largely unexplored for fishes partly because of its remoteness and very scant water resources. The eastern portion, now renamed the Lake Eyre Region, extends from the Finke River east to the Bulloo River at Quilpie and from Mount Isa in Queensland in the north to Broken Hill in New South Wales in the south. This region contains a fascinating assemblage of aquatic animals in a variety of habitats, including a characteristic grouping of fish (33 native species) and the fish communities are in remarkably good condition. The aquatic habitats and the aquatic flora and fauna are described and the management of fishes, wetlands and catchments is discussed. Description, habitat, biology and distribution details are provided for 13 families of fish of the Lake Eyre Region, together small colour photographs

Big trouble for little fish: identifying Australian freshwater fishes in imminent risk of extinction

Globally, freshwater fishes are declining at an alarming rate. Despite much evidence of catastrophic declines, few Australian species are listed as threatened under national legislation. We aim to help redress this by identifying the Australian freshwater fishes that are in the most immediate risk of extinction. For 22 freshwater fishes (identified as highly threatened by experts), we used structured expert elicitation to estimate the probability of extinction in the next ~20 years, and to identify key threats and priority management needs. All but one of the 22 species are small (&amp;lt;150mm total length), 12 have been formally described only in the last decade, with seven awaiting description. Over 90% of these species were assessed to have a &amp;gt;50% probability of extinction in the next ~20 years. Collectively, the biggest factor contributing to the likelihood of extinction of the freshwater fishes considered is that they occur in small (distributions ≤44km2), geographically isolated populations, and are threatened by a mix of processes (particularly alien fishes and climate change). Nineteen of these species are unlisted on national legislation, so legislative drivers for recovery actions are largely absent. Research has provided strong direction on how to manage ~35% of known threats to the species considered, and, of these, ~36% of threats have some management underway (although virtually none are at the stage where intervention is no longer required). Increased resourcing, management intervention and social attitudinal change is urgently needed to avert the impending extinction of Australia’s most imperilled freshwater fishes. </jats:p