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Antimicrobial effectiveness of Nano Silver Fluoride Varnish in reducing Streptococcus mutans in saliva and plaque biofilm when compared with Chlorhexidine and Sodium Fluoride Varnishes

This in vivo study was done to investigate the antimicrobial effectiveness of Nano Silver fluoride, Sodium fluoride and Chlorhexidine when used as a varnish on Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) in saliva and plaque biofilm. 120 caries free subjects, aged

Overcoming heat shock protein inhibition at critical temperature vital for survival in Solanum tuberosum L. in vivo condition

Heat stress proteins (HSPs) and related cognates are candidates mediating and preventing cellular damage  from heat-stress, but their expression can be inhibited midway. The time-based occurrence pattern for heat mediated inhibition underlying HSPs expression at 41.5°C and revival subsequent stress was studied in vivo for four Solanum tuberosum L. cultivars viz. Kufri Pukhraj, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Chandramukhi and Kufri Ashoka. Our  results show that the inhibition process is a functional variance of time and genetic variability characterized by differential down-regulation of housekeeping proteins (HKPs) of about 55.7 and 43.5 KD in some cultivars and  complete inhibition of a prominent 19.9 KD HKP in Kufri Jyoti at all stressed time. Furthermore, the results  strongly suggest HSPs inhibition process bridges the gap between normal proteome and spur expression  maxima for stress proteome and may last for about 1 h for cultivars that effectively eludes the process  upgrading their thermotolerance in vivo.Key words: Solanum tuberosum L., heat-mediated inhibition, heat shock proteins, housekeeping proteins

Incidences and classification of medication errors - a case study

Background. The Medication errors (MEs) severely affect ill health or death and have a substantial financial effect on the patient and health care organization. The present study aims to detect the incidences and classify MEs and increase the patient safety medication of Super Specialty Hospital, Kolkata. Materials and Methods. The prospective observational study of patient prescriptions, transcription, indenting, dispensing, and administration were followed up daily to identify the medication errors in 400+ beds across each admitted inpatient department (IPD) patients file from June 2019 to July 2019 at a Super Specialty Hospital, Kolkata. Results. A total of 395 prescriptions were reviewed in the present study. A total of 29.36% of medication errors have been reported. In June 2019, MEs occurrence rate was 44.85%. The most common MEs were found in Transcription errors (TEs) (77.72%), followed by Administration errors (AEs) (55.44%), Prescription errors (PEs) (55.18%), Dispensing errors (DEs) (31.89%), and Indenting errors (IEs) (4.05%). In comparison, 13.87% of medication errors occurred in July 2019, four times less than in June 2019, with 28.10% in PEs, followed by TEs at 24.05%, AEs at 9.11%, DEs at 8.10% and 0% in IEs. Conclusion. This study revealed that MEs occurred from the common mistake of illegible handwriting, which causes many problems while transcribing and indenting medicine by chemists and nurses while cross-checking the patient file documentation with a medicine card. Further study is needed to determine the factors governing MEs low reporting

CHARACTERISTICS AND MECHANISM OF POTENTIAL PROBIOTICS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FROM TRADITIONAL FERMENTED FISH PRODUCTS: A REVIEW

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely used in the food industry due to their probiotic properties and fermentation activities. Traditional fermented fish products are dominated by a diverse variety of lactic acid bacteria with significant probiotic characteristics. Several in vitro and in vivo studies on lactic acid bacteria from fermented fish products have confirmed LAB strains to possess characteristics to be considered as probiotics that contribute to positive health benefits to the host and are generally regarded as safe (GRAS). This paper presents a review of the characteristics of the LAB strain that is considered as a probiotic. It also presents an overview of the probiotics mechanism of action and specifically highlights the LAB species with potential probiotic characteristics isolated from traditional fermented fish products

Comparative analysis of the genomic regions flanking Xa21 locus in indica and japonica ssp. of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract Comparative analysis of a 100 kb region flanking of major bacterial blight resistance gene Xa21 (3.57 kb) was performed in the two subspecies of rice Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare and Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica cv. 93-11 to understand the evolution and divergence of Xa21 locus. A total of 12 genes in japonica and 14 genes in indica were predicted and annotated in this region. Functional annotation revealed the presence of 4 genes and 8 genes in japonica and indica, respectively, which could be putatively associated with disease resistance in the 100 kb region of Xa21 locus. The study also revealed that 50% of japonica genes and 42.8% of indica genes in the genomic region of interest were transposable elements protein coding genes. Analysis of each predicted gene in this region revealed more or less similar GC content in both the subspecies. A total of 109 SSRs have been identified in the region of interest in both indica and japonica. The numbers of repeated motifs were observed to decrease with the increased number of nucleotides. Interestingly, most of the leucine rich repeat (LRR) gene products were predicted to be localized in the plasma membrane and the transposable element related protein coding genes were localized in the nucleus. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the majority of predicted genes with similar functions of both the subspecies were grouped together

Comparison of soft-computing techniques: Data-driven models for flood forecasting

Accurate flood forecasting is a crucial process for predicting the timing, occurrence, duration, and magnitude of floods in specific zones. This prediction often involves analyzing various hydrological, meteorological, and environmental parameters. In recent years, several soft computing techniques have been widely used for flood forecasting. In this study, flood forecasting for the Narmada River at the Hoshangabad gauging site in Madhya Pradesh, India, was conducted using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, a Fuzzy Logic (FL) model, and an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model. To assess their capacity to handle different levels of information, three separate input data sets were used. Our objective was to compare the performance and evaluate the suitability of soft computing data-driven models for flood forecasting. For the development of these models, monthly discharge data spanning 33 years from six gauging sites were selected. Various performance measures, such as regression, root mean square error (RMSE), and percentage deviation, were used to compare and evaluate the performances of the different models. The results indicated that the ANN and ANFIS models performed similarly in some cases. However, the ANFIS model generally predicted much better than the ANN model in most cases. The ANFIS model, developed using the hybrid method, delivered the best performance with an RMSE of 211.97 and a coefficient of regression of 0.96, demonstrating the potential of using these models for flood forecasting. This research highlighted the effectiveness of soft computing techniques in flood forecasting and established useful suitability criteria that can be employed by flood control departments in various countries, regions, and states for accurate flood prognosis

Some peace of mind: assessing a pilot intervention to promote mental health among widows of injecting drug users in north-east India

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>HIV prevalence in north-east India is high and injecting drug use (IDU) is common. Due to HIV-related deaths there are increasing numbers of IDU widows, many of whom are HIV infected, and experiencing poor health, social isolation, discrimination and poverty, all factors likely to be compromising their mental health. There is increasing recognition of the links between HIV and mental health.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The aim of this study was to pilot a peer-facilitated, participatory action group (PAG) process and assess the impact of the intervention on the mental health of participants. The intervention consisted of 10 PAG meetings involving 74 IDU widows. Changes in quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), mental health (GHQ12) and somatic symptoms were assessed. The value of the intervention from the perspective of the participants was captured using a qualitative evaluation method (Most Significant Change).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Participants' quality of life, mental health and experience of somatic symptoms improved significantly over the course of the intervention, and the women told stories reflecting a range of 'significant changes'.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This pilot intervention study demonstrated that a participatory approach to mental health promotion can have a positive impact on the lives of vulnerable women, and the potential to contribute to HIV prevention. Further investigation is warranted.</p