Advanced dosimetry systems for the space transport and space station

Advanced dosimetry system concepts are described that will provide automated and instantaneous measurement of dose and particle spectra. Systems are proposed for measuring dose rate from cosmic radiation background to greater than 3600 rads/hr. Charged particle spectrometers, both internal and external to the spacecraft, are described for determining mixed field energy spectra and particle fluxes for both real time onboard and ground-based computer evaluation of the radiation hazard. Automated passive dosimetry systems consisting of thermoluminescent dosimeters and activation techniques are proposed for recording the dose levels for twelve or more crew members. This system will allow automatic onboard readout and data storage of the accumulated dose and can be transmitted to ground after readout or data records recovered with each crew rotation

Architecture de sécurité de bout en bout et mécanismes d'autoprotection pour les environnements Cloud

Since several years the virtualization of infrastructures became one of the major research challenges, consuming less energy while delivering new services. However, many attacks hinder the global adoption of Cloud computing. Self-protection has recently raised growing interest as possible element of answer to the cloud computing infrastructure protection challenge. Yet, previous solutions fall at the last hurdle as they overlook key features of the cloud, by lack of flexible security policies, cross-layered defense, multiple control granularities, and open security architectures. This thesis presents VESPA, a self-protection architecture for cloud infrastructures. Flexible coordination between self-protection loops allows enforcing a rich spectrum of security strategies. A multi-plane extensible architecture also enables simple integration of commodity security components.Recently, some of the most powerful attacks against cloud computing infrastructures target the Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM). In many case, the main attack vector is a poorly confined device driver. Current architectures offer no protection against such attacks. This thesis proposes an altogether different approach by presenting KungFuVisor, derived from VESPA, a framework to build self-defending hypervisors. The result is a very flexible self-protection architecture, enabling to enforce dynamically a rich spectrum of remediation actions over different parts of the VMM, also facilitating defense strategy administration. We showed the application to three different protection scheme: virus infection, mobile clouds and hypervisor drivers. Indeed VESPA can enhance cloud infrastructure securityLa virtualisation des infrastructures est devenue un des enjeux majeurs dans la recherche, qui fournissent des consommations d'énergie moindres et des nouvelles opportunités. Face à de multiples menaces et des mécanismes de défense hétérogènes, l'approche autonomique propose une gestion simplifiée, robuste et plus efficace de la sécurité du cloud. Aujourd'hui, les solutions existantes s'adaptent difficilement. Il manque des politiques de sécurité flexibles, une défense multi-niveaux, des contrôles à granularité variable, ou encore une architecture de sécurité ouverte. Ce mémoire présente VESPA, une architecture d'autoprotection pour les infrastructures cloud. VESPA est construit autour de politiques qui peuvent réguler la sécurité à plusieurs niveaux. La coordination flexible entre les boucles d'autoprotection réalise un large spectre de stratégies de sécurité comme des détections et des réactions sur plusieurs niveaux. Une architecture extensible multi plans permet d'intégrer simplement des éléments déjà présents. Depuis peu, les attaques les plus critiques contre les infrastructures cloud visent la brique la plus sensible: l'hyperviseur. Le vecteur d'attaque principal est un pilote de périphérique mal confiné. Les mécanismes de défense mis en jeu sont statiques et difficile à gérer. Nous proposons une approche différente avec KungFuVisor, un canevas logiciel pour créer des hyperviseurs autoprotégés spécialisant l'architecture VESPA. Nous avons montré son application à trois types de protection différents : les attaques virales, la gestion hétérogène multi-domaines et l'hyperviseur. Ainsi la sécurité des infrastructures cloud peut être améliorée grâce à VESP

‘The most difficult financial matter that has ever presented itself’: paper money and the financing of warfare under Louis XIV

Based on an extensive survey of French primary sources and a discussion of the recent literature on fiscal policy in France and Europe during Louis XIV’s wars, this article revisits the rationale behind the first experiment with paper money undertaken by finance minister Michel Chamillart, comparing it to other belligerents’ strategies, in particular England’s, to adjust their monetary regime to the challenges of funding long wars of attrition. The article shows how concerns about economic activity, coinage, and the need to finance the war deficit led to a series of debasements of the French currency, the establishment of a bank in the form of a Caisse des emprunts and the introduction of mint bills, which became legal tender and caused the first experience of fiat money inflation in history. Whereas Chamillart’s personal shortcomings have been recently suggested as the cause of Louis XIV’s humbling in the War of the Spanish Succession, we argue on the contrary that the introduction of paper money in 1704 was key to the capacity of France to sustain its military effort, but that a succession of military defeats against a more powerful coalition led to inflation. We also argue that the introduction of paper money saved the Caisse des emprunts and its bonds which helped sustain the war effort up until the peace. By situating the use of paper money within the broader question of the exercise of power in the absolute monarchy, this article examines the formation of fiscal policy, paying attention to the ways in which government sought advice from experts. It concludes by calling for further studies on policy- and decision-making under Louis XIV

Line rendering of 3D meshes for data-driven sketch-based modeling

National audienceDeep learning recently achieved impressive successes on various computer vision tasks for which large amounts of training data is available, such as image classification. These successes have motivated the use of computer graphics to generate synthetic data for tasks where real data is difficult to collect. We present SynDraw, a non-photorealistic rendering system designed to ease the generation of synthetic drawings to train data-driven sketch-based modeling systems. SynDraw processes triangular meshes and extracts various types of synthetic lines, including occluding contours, suggestive contours, creases, and demarcating curves. SynDraw exports these lines as vector graphics to allow subsequent stylization. Finally, SynDraw can also export attributes of the lines, such as their 3D coordinates and their types, which can serve as ground truth for depth prediction or line labeling tasks. We provide both a command-line interface for batch processing, as well as an interactive viewer to explore and save line extraction parameters. We will release SynDraw as an open source library to support research in non-photorealistic rendering and sketch-based modeling

Repairing fractures of humerus and rafing in cage birds

Après avoir énuméré les précautions préopératoires et les particularités anatomiques et physiologiques propres aux os des oiseaux, l’auteur évoque les généralités concernant le traitement des fractures des ailes, les précautions chirurgicales et les principes de l’orthopédie aviaire. Vous trouverez la des cription des méthodes d’immobilisation par bandage chez les oiseaux de petite taille ainsi que les techniques de mise en place des fixateurs internes et externes au niveau des os de l’aile.The author gives general guidelines for managing fractures of wings in cage and aviaries birds. He explains how preparing surgical sites and describes different approaches of open reduction of humeral radial and ulnar frac tures : steel and polypropylene intra medullary pins, cerclage wires, K.E. appa ratus. You find peculiar mention of the methods of bandaging after applica tion of different devices

Éloge posthume : Professeur Roger BORDET (1915-2006)

Wailly Philippe de, Bornet Jean-Pierre. Éloge posthume : Professeur Roger Bordet (1915-2006). In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 160 n°2, 2007. pp. 163-167

Formation à l’analyse de pratiques professionnelles et l’après : regards croisés

Un stage de formation de niveau 2 en Analyse de Pratiques Professionnelles et démarches d’accompagnement proposé par Maela Paul et Patrick Robo en octobre 2021 a fait se rencontrer des participant·e·s de divers milieux professionnels. Six d’entre elles et eux ont poursuivi la démarche d’accompagnement en écrivant chacun·e un récit qui relate un élément saillant vécu lors du stage. Ils·elles viennent de Suisse, de Nancy, du Sud de la France. Cet article expose ce cheminement collectif autour des récits et de l’accompagnement mis en place dans l’écriture et l’analyse de ceux-ci. Trois dimensions se retrouvent de manière marquée dans la majorité des récits : le questionnement, la sécurité et la posture d’accompagnement. Ces dimensions sont analysées et éclairées par des éléments de littérature