Ordspräk som öppna formier i dagens svenska

The present article develops some of the ideas contained in my MA-thesis Ordsprak i modem svenska... This article deals with analysis of proverbs as open formulae in Modem Swedish. It refers to a research done on two data corpora consisting of newspaper material and on some other newspaper articles and advertisements  from the years 1997-2004. In the written sources of Swedish proverbs available today some syntactic and semantic matrices serving for the construction of proverbs can be distinguished. In the research part of this article some forms of variation of the original matrix formulae have been observed and described. The conclusion is that the proverbs in Modem Swedish still undergo variation within the frames of the formulae, just as they probably did in the days of oral culture

Outflow - Core Interaction in Barnard 1

In order to study how outflows from protostars influence the physical and chemical conditions of the parent molecular cloud, we have observed Barnard 1 (B1) main core, which harbors four Class 0 and three Class I sources, in the CO (J=1-0), CH3OH (J_K=2_K-1_K), and the SiO (J=1-0) lines using the Nobeyama 45 m telescope. We have identified three CO outflows in this region; one is an elongated (~ 0.3 pc) bipolar outflow from a Class 0 protostar B1-c in the submillimeter clump SMM 2, another is a rather compact (~ 0.1 pc) outflow from a Class I protostar B1 IRS in the clump SMM 6, and the other is an extended outflow from a Class I protostar in SMM 11. In the western lobe of the SMM 2 outflow, both the SiO and CH3OH lines show broad redshifted wings with the terminal velocities of 25 km/s and 13 km/s, respectively. It is likely that the shocks caused by the interaction between the outflow and ambient gas enhance the abundance of SiO and CH3OH in the gas phase. The total energy input rate by the outflows (1.1x10^{-3} Lsun) is smaller than the energy loss rate (8.5x10^{-3} Lsun$) through the turbulence decay in B1 main core, which suggests that the outflows can not sustain the turbulence in this region. Since the outflows are energetic enough to compensate the dissipating turbulence energy in the neighboring, more evolved star forming region NGC 1333, we suggest that the turbulence energy balance depends on the evolutionary state of the star formation in molecular clouds.Comment: 34 pages, 8 figures, accepted for the publication in Ap

A rotating molecular jet from a Perseus protostar

We present $^{12}$CO(2-1) line and 1.4 mm continuum archival observations, made with the Submillimeter Array, of the outflow HH 797 located in the IC 348 cluster in Perseus. The continuum emission is associated with a circumstellar disk surrounding the class 0 object IC 348-MMS/SMM2, a very young solar analog. The line emission, on the other hand, delineates a collimated outflow, and reveals velocity asymmetries about the flow axis over the entire length of the flow. The amplitude of velocity differences is of order 2 km s$^{-1}$ over distances of about 1000 AU, and we interpret them as evidence for jet rotation --although we also discuss alternative possibilities. A comparison with theoretical models suggests that the magnetic field lines threading the protostellar jet might be anchored to the disk of a radius of about 20 AU.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap

New Silhouette Disks with Reflection Nebulae and Outflows in the Orion Nebula and M43

We report the detection of several new circumstellar disks seen in silhouette in the outskirts of the Orion nebula and M43, detected as part of our Halpha survey of Orion with the HST/ACS. Several of the disks show bipolar reflection nebulae, microjets, or temporal variability. Two disks in our sample are large and particularly noteworthy: A nearly edge-on disk, d216-0939, is located several arcminutes northwest of M43 and resembles the famous HH30 disk/jet system in Taurus. It drives the 0.15 pc long bipolar outflow HH667, and exhibits a remarkable asymmetric reflection nebula. With a diameter of 1200 AU, it is as large as the giant edge-on silhouette disk d114-426 in the core of the Orion Nebula. The large disk d253-1536 is located in a binary system embedded within an externally-ionized giant proplyd in M43. The disk exhibits distortions which we attribute to tidal interactions with a companion. The bipolar jet HH668 emerges orthogonal to the disk, and a bow shock lies 54'' south of this binary system along the outflow axis. Proper motions over 1.4 yr confirm that these emission knots are moving away from d253-1536, with speeds as high as 330 km/s in the HH668 microjet, and slower motion farther from the star.Comment: 19 pages, Fig 2 in color, accepted by A

Discovery of superthermal hydroxyl (OH) in the HH211 outflow

We present a 5-37 micron infrared spectrum obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope toward the southeastern lobe of the young protostellar outflow HH211. The spectrum shows an extraordinary sequence of OH emission lines arising in highly excited rotational levels up to an energy E/k~28200K above the ground level. This is, to our knowledge, by far the highest rotational excitation of OH observed outside Earth. The spectrum also contains several pure rotational transitions of H2O (v=0), H2 (v=0) S(0) to S(7), HD (v=0) R(3) to R(6), and atomic fine-structure lines of [Fe II], [Si II], [Ne II], [S I], and [Cl I]. The origin of the highly excited OH emission is most likely the photodissociation of H2O by the UV radiation generated in the terminal outflow shock of HH211.Comment: ApJ Letters, in pres

A shallow though extensive H2 2.12 micron imaging survey of Taurus-Auriga-Perseus: I. NGC1333, L1455, L1448 and B1

We discuss wide-field near-IR imaging of the NGC1333, L1448, L1455 and B1 star forming regions in Perseus. The observations have been extracted from a much larger narrow-band imaging survey of the Taurus-Auriga-Perseus complex. These H2 2.12 micron observations are complemented by broad-band K imaging, mid-IR imaging and photometry from the Spitzer Space Telescope, and published submillimetre CO J=3-2 maps of high-velocity molecular outflows. We detect and label 85 H2 features and associate these with 26 molecular outflows. Three are parsec-scale flows, with a mean flow lobe length exceeding 11.5 arcmin. 37 (44%) of the detected H2 features are associated with a known Herbig-Haro object, while 72 (46%) of catalogued HH objects are detected in H2 emission. Embedded Spitzer sources are identified for all but two of the 26 molecular outflows. These candidate outflow sources all have high near-to-mid-IR spectral indices (mean value of alpha ~ 1.4) as well as red IRAC 3.6-4.5 micron and IRAC/MIPS 4.5-24.0 micron colours: 80% have [3.6]-[4.5] > 1.0 and [4.5]-[24] > 1.5. These criteria - high alpha and red [4.5]-[24] and [3.6]-[4.5] colours - are powerful discriminants when searching for molecular outflow sources. However, we find no correlation between alpha and flow length or opening angle, and the outflows appear randomly orientated in each region. The more massive clouds are associated with a greater number of outflows, which suggests that the star formation efficiency is roughly the same in each region.Comment: 23 pages (including Appoendix); 11 main text figures, 5 colour appendix figs uploaded as gifs; accepted by MNRAS; for higher-resolution figures please visit http://www.jach.hawaii.edu/~cdavis

The Brightening of Re50N: Accretion Event or Dust Clearing?

The luminous Class I protostar HBC 494, embedded in the Orion A cloud, is associated with a pair of reflection nebulae, Re50 and Re50N, which appeared sometime between 1955 and 1979. We have found that a dramatic brightening of Re50N has taken place sometime between 2006 and 2014. This could result if the embedded source is undergoing a FUor eruption. However, the near-infrared spectrum shows a featureless very red continuum, in contrast to the strong CO bandhead absorption displayed by FUors. Such heavy veiling, and the high luminosity of the protostar, is indicative of strong accretion but seemingly not in the manner of typical FUors. We favor the alternative explanation that the major brightening of Re50N and the simultaneous fading of Re50 is caused by curtains of obscuring material that cast patterns of illumination and shadows across the surface of the molecular cloud. This is likely occurring as an outflow cavity surrounding the embedded protostar breaks through to the surface of the molecular cloud. Several Herbig-Haro objects are found in the region.Comment: 8 pages, accepted by Ap

Erstellung einer radargestützten Niederschlagsklimatologie

Es ist Konsens in der Klimaforschungsgemeinschaft, dass der globale Klimawandel mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit mit einer erhöhten Häufigkeit von witterungsbedingten Naturkatastrophen einhergeht [IPCC, 2011]. Grundlage für diese Schlussfolgerung sind im Wesentlichen die Ergebnisse globaler und regionaler Klimasimulationen. Neben Windstürmen sind insbesondere Auftreten und Häufigkeit von hydrometeorologischen Extremereignissen wie z. B. Starkregen oder Dürre ursächlich für korrespondierende Naturkatastrophen, die für den Katastrophenschutz relevant sind. So sind die Anzahl von Umwelteinsätzen der Feuerwehr im Nachgang von Extremereignissen wie Starkregen oder Hagel [Geier, 2009] sowie die Zahl der wetterbedingten Einsätze des Technischen Hilfswerks in den vergangenen Jahren gestiegen [Strotmann, 2011]. Dieser Trend wird von einer Befragung der im Katastrophenschutz eingebundenen Organisationen bestätigt, nach deren Ergebnissen neben Sturmereignissen vor allem Hochwasser vermehrt Einsätze nach sich ziehen