Host Status of Persian Lime (Citrus latifolia Tan.) to Oriental Fruit Fly and Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii.

We investigated the host status of harvest-ready green Persian lime, Citrus x latifolia Tan. (Rutaceae), to Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis [Hendel]) and Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata [Wiedemann]) (Diptera: Tephritidae) using laboratory and field studies. In forced-infestation small cage exposures (using 25 × 25 × 25 cm screened cages with 50 gravid females) and large olfactometer cage tests (using 2.9 × 2.9 × 2.5 m walk-in screened cages with 100 gravid females), punctured limes were infested by Oriental fruit fly and Mediterranean fruit fly at low rates compared to papaya controls, whereas undamaged intact fruit was not infested. Field collection and packing of 45,958 commercial export-grade fruit and subsequent incubation to look for natural infestation resulted in no emergence of fruit flies. Forced infestation studies in the field using sleeve cages to enclose fruit with a high density of fruit flies (50 gravid females) on the tree also showed no infestation. Commercial export-grade Persian lime fruit should be considered a conditional nonhost for Oriental fruit fly and Mediterranean fruit fly

Shame of the city

Shame of the City is an exploration of classist and racial tensions within San Francisco and the rest of the Bay Area juxtaposed with the renewed rise of the Tech Industry and the money it has brought into the cities. It tackles intersectional themes of racism, social and economic privilege, homelessness, poverty, and love. Contains 20-22 poems

Improved analysis of propylene oxide, propylene chlorohydrin and propylene bromohydrin: Presentation

The benefits and deficiencies of several methods of analysis for PPO and PXH, including the aqueous extraction used in ASTA method 23.1 and the MTBE extraction method previously reported by the authors, will be discussed. Novel methods utilizing dynamic headspace extraction and solid phase microextraction (SPME) will also be reported with particular emphasis on preventing artefactual effects. Preliminary experiments have found that dynamic headspace sampling can lower detection limits by up to 3 orders of magnitude.The benefits and deficiencies of several methods of analysis for PPO and PXH, including the aqueous extraction used in ASTA method 23.1 and the MTBE extraction method previously reported by the authors, will be discussed. Novel methods utilizing dynamic headspace extraction and solid phase microextraction (SPME) will also be reported with particular emphasis on preventing artefactual effects. Preliminary experiments have found that dynamic headspace sampling can lower detection limits by up to 3 orders of magnitude

Sublethal exposure, insecticide resistance, and community stress

Insecticides are an invaluable pest management tool and anthropogenic stressors of widespread environmental occurrence that are subject to biased perceptions based on the targeted application, market value of use, and regulatory requirements. As a result, short-term and simplistic efforts focusing on lethal effects toward individual species and populations prevail. Holistic and comprehensive studies exploring rather common sublethal insecticide exposures are rare, particularly considering their potential role in structuring populations and communities in diverse environmental settings and potentially interfering in a range of ecological interactions. Studies on insecticide resistance, for example, do not go beyond population-based studies, disregarding temporal and spatial effects in the associated community, and rarely considering the whole of sublethal exposure. Some of these knowledge gaps are here recognized and explored

Sublethal exposure, insecticide resistance, and community stress

Insecticides are an invaluable pest management tool and anthropogenic stressors of widespread environmental occurrence that are subject to biased perceptions based on the targeted application, market value of use, and regulatory requirements. As a result, short-term and simplistic efforts focusing on lethal effects toward individual species and populations prevail. Holistic and comprehensive studies exploring rather common sublethal insecticide exposures are rare, particularly considering their potential role in structuring populations and communities in diverse environmental settings and potentially interfering in a range of ecological interactions. Studies on insecticide resistance, for example, do not go beyond population-based studies, disregarding temporal and spatial effects in the associated community, and rarely considering the whole of sublethal exposure. Some of these knowledge gaps are here recognized and explored

Publisher Correction:A DHODH inhibitor increases p53 synthesis and enhances tumor cell killing by p53 degradation blockage

The original PDF version of this Article listed the authors as "Marcus J.G.W. Ladds," where it should have read "Marcus J. G. W. Ladds, Ingeborg M. M. van Leeuwen, Catherine J. Drummond et al.#". Also in the PDF version, it was incorrectly stated that "Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to S. Lín.", instead of the correct "Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to S. Laín." This has been corrected in the PDF version of the Article. The HTML version was correct from the time of publication.</p

Response of Anastrepha fraterculus Wiedemann (Diptera:Tephritidae) to synthetic semiochemicals

PósterDetermine the attractiveness of Anastrepha fraterculus males and females of different physiological status to synthetic semiochemicals in field cage experiments.EEA FamailláFil: Carrizo, Beatriz Noemi. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz, Josefina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz, Josefina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); ArgentinaFil: Goane, Lucía. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Goane, Lucía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); ArgentinaFil: Bachmann, Guillermo Enrique. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Bachmann, Guillermo Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Milla, Fabian Horacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Segura, Diego Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Segura, Diego Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Kuzmich, Dan. Department of Agriculture; Estados UnidosFil: Walse, Spencer. Department of Agriculture; Estados UnidosFil: Vera, María. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Vera, María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentin

Identification of conformational epitopes for human IgG on Chemotaxis inhibitory protein of Staphylococcus aureus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Chemotaxis inhibitory protein of <it>Staphylococcus aureus </it>(CHIPS) blocks the Complement fragment C5a receptor (C5aR) and formylated peptide receptor (FPR) and is thereby a potent inhibitor of neutrophil chemotaxis and activation of inflammatory responses. The majority of the healthy human population has antibodies against CHIPS that have been shown to interfere with its function <it>in vitro</it>. The aim of this study was to define potential epitopes for human antibodies on the CHIPS surface. We also initiate the process to identify a mutated CHIPS molecule that is not efficiently recognized by preformed anti-CHIPS antibodies and retains anti-inflammatory activity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this paper, we panned peptide displaying phage libraries against a pool of CHIPS specific affinity-purified polyclonal human IgG. The selected peptides could be divided into two groups of sequences. The first group was the most dominant with 36 of the 48 sequenced clones represented. Binding to human affinity-purified IgG was verified by ELISA for a selection of peptide sequences in phage format. For further analysis, one peptide was chemically synthesized and antibodies affinity-purified on this peptide were found to bind the CHIPS molecule as studied by ELISA and Surface Plasmon Resonance. Furthermore, seven potential conformational epitopes responsible for antibody recognition were identified by mapping phage selected peptide sequences on the CHIPS surface as defined in the NMR structure of the recombinant CHIPS_31–121protein. Mapped epitopes were verified by <it>in vitro </it>mutational analysis of the CHIPS molecule. Single mutations introduced in the proposed antibody epitopes were shown to decrease antibody binding to CHIPS. The biological function in terms of C5aR signaling was studied by flow cytometry. A few mutations were shown to affect this biological function as well as the antibody binding.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Conformational epitopes recognized by human antibodies have been mapped on the CHIPS surface and amino acid residues involved in both antibody and C5aR interaction could be defined. This information has implications for the development of an effective anti-inflammatory agent based on a functional CHIPS molecule with low interaction with human IgG.</p