Pengumpulan B-Karotin Dan A-Tokoferol Oleh Ikan Keli Afrika (Clarias Gariepinus) Dari Produk Sampingan Industri Minyak Kelapa Sawit

Keupayaan ikan keli Afrika (Clarias gariepinus) untuk mengumpul f3-karotin dan a-tokoferol dari makanan ikan keli terumus yang mengandungi dua produk sampingan hasil penyaringan minyak kelapa sawit, iaitu Tanah Peluntur Terpakai (TPT) dan Asid Lemak Sawit Tersuling (ALST) ke dalam ototnya dikaji. Empat jenis makanan ikan dirumuskan, dinamakan AF (mengandungi ALST dan serb uk ikan), SF (mengandungi TPT dan serbuk ikan), ASF (mengandungi ALTS, TPT dan serbuk ikan) dan CF (mengandungi minyak hati ikan kod dan serbuk ikan). Keempat-empat makanan dirumuskan supaya meneapai 13% lipid dan 30% protein. Serat akhir ikan keli bagi kajian pemakanan AF, SF, ASF dan CF adalah 180.44 ± 2.64, 174.84 ± 3.04, 193.49 ± 2.49 dan 173.90 ± 2.38 9 seek~r, manakala ukuran badan akhir bagi ikan-ikan tersebut pula adalah 29'.77 ± 0.15, 29.66 ± 0.17, 30.45 ± 0.13 dan 29.67 ± 0.13 em seek~r, masing-masing. Nisbah penukaran makanan bagi AF, SF, ASF dan CF adalah 2.4:1, 2.3:1, 2.1: 1 dan 2.4: 1, masing-masing. ,The ability of the African catfish (C/arias gariepinus) to accumulate p-carotene and a-tocopherol from formulated catfish feed that contained palm oil mill by-products n~mely, Spent Sleaching Earth (SSE) and Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) into their muscle was studied. Four types of feed were formulated, namely AF (contained PFAD and fish meal), SF (contained SSE and fish meal), ASF (contained PFAD, SSE and fish meal) and CF (contained cod liver oil and fish meal). All feed were formulated to achieve 13% lipid and 30% protein levels. The final weights of individual catfish fed with AF, SF, ASF and CF feed were 180.44 ± 2.64, 174.84 ± 3.04, 193.49 ± 2.49 and 173.90 ± 2.39 g, whereas the final total lengths of individual catfish were 29.77 ± 0.15,29.66 ± 0.17,30.45 ± 0.13 and 29.67 ± 0.13 cm, respectively

Analisis Model Keberkesanan Komunikasi Interpersonal Antara Pengetua dan Guru Sekolah Menengah Terkawal di Pantai Timur Malaysia

Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk meneroka hubungan antara komunikasi kepimpinan pengetua dan esteem kendiri guru dengan keberkesanan komunikasi interpersonal guru. Permasalahan kajian ini difokuskan kepada tiga persoalan utama iaitu: (1) Adakah komunikasi kepimpinan pengetua mempunyai hubungan positif terhadap esteem kendiri guru? (2) Adakah esteem kendiri guru mempunyai hubungan positif terhadap keberkesanan komunikasi interpersonal guru? (3) Adakah komunikasi kepimpinan, esteem kendiri dan faktor peramal menunjukkan pengaruh terhadap keberkesanan komunikasi interpersonal guru? Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah penyelidikan kuantitatif dengan melibatkan pengujian lapan hipotesis utama. Data-data di perolehi melalui kajian soalselidik yang dilakukan terhadap 121 responden iaitu terdiri daripada guru-guru yang bertugas di sekolah menengah terkawal kawasan bandar di Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malaysia. Responden tersebut dipilih daripada enam buah sekolah berdasarkan persampelan purposive yang dibuat ke atas 16 buah sekolah menengah terkawal kawasan bandar di Pantai Timur. Pemilihan 121 responden dibuat dengan menggu nakan persampelan rawak kluster mengikut jantina yang mewakili 30% daripada jumlah populasi. Responden diminta memberi persepsi terhadap komunikasi kepimpinan di seko/ah dengan menjawab seju m/ah 87 item soalan yang berasaskan kepada lima variabel utama kajian iaitu kepimpinan merintis struktur, kepimpinan pertimbangan, orientasi komunikasi, esteem kendiri dan keberkesanan komunikasi interpersonal guru. Semua data yang diperolehi dianalisiskan menggunakan program SPSS versi 9.0 dengan menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif, korelasi Pearson, korelasi partial, regresi berganda dan path analysis. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapatnya hubungan yang positif di antara komunikasi kepimpinan pengetua dengan peningkatan esteem kendiri guru dan seterusnya wujud pula hubungan yang positif dengan keberkesanan komunikasi interpersonal guru. Dapatan juga menunjukkan komunikasi kepimpinan, esteem kendiri dan faktor peramal mempengaruhi keberkesanan komunikasi interpersonal guru. Hasil dapatan ini memberi gambaran bahawa amalan komunikasi kepimpinan yang berasaskan kepada kepimpinan merintis struktur, kepimpinan pertimbangan, orientasi komunikasi terbuka terbukti dapat meningkatkan keberkesanan komunikasi interpersonal guru. Oleh itu stail komunikasi kepimpinan yang dapat menjanakan kesejahteraan diri di tempat kerja ini perlu disebarkan dan diterapkan dalam diri pemimpin dengan harapan supaya kualiti sesebuah organisasi itu dapat dipertingkatka

Oil price shocks: A comparative study on the impacts of oil price movements in Malaysia and the UK economies

The study investigates the relationship between changes in crude oil prices and Malaysia and the UK macro-economy. A multivariate VAR analysis is carried out among five key macroeconomic variables: real gross domestic product, short term interest rate, real effective exchange rates, long term interest rate and money supply. From the VAR model, the impulse response functions reveal that oil price movements cause significant reduction in aggregate output and increase real exchange rate. The variance decomposition shows that crude oil prices significantly contribute to the variability of real exchange rate long term interest rate in the Malaysia economy while oil price shocks are found to have significant effects on money supply and short term interest rate in the UK economy. Despite these macro-econometric results, caution must be exercised in formulating energy policies since future effects of upcoming oil shocks will not be the same as what happened in the past. Explorations and development of practicable alternatives to imported fuel energy will cushion the economy from the repercussions of oil shocks

SIMULATION ON POWER SPECTRUM DENSITY (PSD) OF AN OPTICALLY TRAPPED PARTICLE

Microrheology studies are based on Brownian motion (BM) of particles. The main causes of BM are thermal fluctuation and viscosity of medium. One of the microrheological methods is single probe study using Optical Tweezers (OT) to extract information about the material characteristics. The OT uses single particle, which undergoes BM. For analysis of the BM, we need Power Spectrum Density (PSD). Therefore, this paper discuss on the simulation of the PSD calculation of single particle in liquid. We generate random number, which represent the displacement of the particle for on allocated period of time. The PSD is calculated using Origin Pro 9.1. The resulted PSD is useful for further investigations, for example in characterization of storage and loss modulus of a material

Non-Parametric Quantile Selection for Extreme Distributions

The objective is to select the best non-parametric quantile estimation method for extreme distributions. This serves as a starting point for further research in quantile application such as in parameter estimation using LQ-moments method. Thirteen methods of non-parametric quantile estimation were applied on six types of extreme distributions and their efficiencies compared. Monte Carlo methods were used to generate the results, which showed that the method of Weighted Kernel estimator of Type 1 was more efficient than the other methods in many cases

Effect of AgI addition on elastic properties of quaternary tellurite glass systems

A series of quaternary tellurite glasses {[(TeO2)70(B2O3)30] 90[Ag2O]10}100-z{AgI}z with z=5, 8, 10, 13 and 15 mol% were fabricated by rapid quenching technique. Pulse echo technique was employed to detect the longitudinal and shear ultrasonic velocities generated by 5 MHz transducer room temperature. Elastic properties, Poisson’s ratio, micro hardness, softening temperature and Debye temperature calculated from the measured density and ultrasonic velocity were observed to decrease monotonously with the increase of AgI content. This shows that the presence of AgI inside the glass network creates a loose packing structure of the glass network and hence reduces the rigidity and the strength of the glass system

Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Seeds Lowers Postprandial Blood Glucose in Overweight and Obese Individuals

This study determined the effects of fenugreek on postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) and satiety among overweight and obese individuals. Fourteen subjects were studied in the morning after overnight fasts on four separate occasions. Glycaemic responses elicited by 50 g carbohydrate portions of white bread and jam with or without 5.5 g of fenugreek and fried rice with or without 5.5 g fenugreek were determined over 2 h. The primary endpoint was the incremental area under the plasma glucose response curve (IAUC). Adding fenugreek to both foods significantly reduced the IAUC compared to the food alone: white bread and jam, 180 ± 22 versus 271 ± 23 mmol × min/L (P = 0.001); fried rice, 176 ± 20 versus 249 ± 25 mmol × min/L (P = 0.001). Fenugreek also significantly reduced the area under the satiety curve for white bread with jam (134 ± 27 versus 232 ± 33 mm × hr, P = 0.01) and fried rice (280 ± 37 versus 379 ± 36 mm × hr, P = 0.01). It is concluded that fenugreek significantly decreased the PPG response and increased satiety among overweight and obese individuals

Hubungan bahasa Arab-Melayu berdasarkan surat perjanjian wakaf masyarakat Melayu Mekah

Penemuan dua warkah manuskrip Arab yang kedua-duanya bertarikh 1909 (1327 H) berkaitan perjanjian pewakafan tanah milik orang Melayu di Mekah telah mendorong kajian ini dilakukan. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan bahasa Melayu dan Arab termasuklah kata nama khas yang melibatkan semua nama keturunan Melayu dalam surat perjanjian tersebut, bangsa dan tempat asal mereka sama ada yang dinisbahkan kepada Juwanah al-Jawi, Malakah al-Jawi dan Kelantan al-Jawi. Bagi mencapai tujuan ini, salasilah keturunan Melayu dalam manuskrip tersebut turut dianalisis. Selain itu, sistem tulisan Arab yang berkaitan dengan sistem tulisan Jawi, iaitu penggunaan huruf hamzah di bawah alif dan ha yang menggantikan ta marbutah turut dikaji. Kajian ini dilakukan berdasarkan analisis teks dan konteks. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa kesemua 16 nama keturunan Melayu dalam surat perjanjian tersebut menggunakan nama Arab yang dibinkan kepada bapa dan datuk serta dinisbahkan kepada bangsa dan tempat asal mereka. Nama tersebut lahir daripada empat keturunan yang berbeza tetapi dua daripadanya telah bercantum sehingga generasi ke-5. Dari segi sistem tulisannya, pengguguran hamzah di bawah alif dan penggantian ta marbutah dengan ha digunakan secara meluas sama seperti yang terdapat dalam sistem tulisan Jawi sekarang. Hal ini menunjukkan bahawa hubungan bahasa Arab-Melayu sangat akrab

Development of novel home automation system via Raspberry Pi

Automation is not a new idea in our modern life. Large businesses and wealthy homeowners have used this technology for years now [1]. This automation concept can benefit our daily lives through many ways. The aim of this project is to develop a Home Automation System that focused on helping handicapped and elderly people to perform their chores routine such as turn on or turn off fan and light, so that it can be done wirelessly by using handheld devices such as Smartphone. This system will be based on Raspberry Pi, and is designed to be an affordable and reliable home automation system yet, easy to setup and use. It is hoped that it will provide a better living environment, and also to reduce wastage of electricity by giving user the power to control, conserve and react according user needs, that can be done using the scheduling function for automatic operation of home appliances

The utilization of RTK-GPS for real-time structural health detection

As safety precautions, the need for rapid assessment of the state of large engineering structure after extreme events such as earthquake, tsunami, typhoon or related wind effects is highly demanded. Compared to other often used practices such as acceleration integration method, laser distance gauge method and total station method, it is noted that GPS through static surveying technique is capable of providing 0.05 Hz of sampling frequency with location precision of 5~10 mm. Apparently, with the advent of Real-Time Kinematic (RTK-GPS) technique, deformations of various structures such as dams, wide span bridges, highways and high rise buildings can be monitored in real-time mode with 3D positioning accuracy of 10 mm ± 1 to 2 ppm (horizontally) and 15-20 mm ± 2 ppm (vertically). This paper therefore leads to a better understanding on RTK-GPS through simulation test made on a bridge in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) campus. For the purpose of real-time structural health detection, well-calibrated GPS Trimble™ 4800 dual-frequency receivers and Pacific Crest™ radio modems were used in this study. By applying static survey mode to determine true coordinates in which will be used latter as “reference�, the test was then conducted in real-time using RTK-GPS mode. It is noted that GPS through the utilization of RTK-GPS is potentially capable of being deployed as an effective tool in structural health detection