Concise and Precise Context Compression for Tool-Using Language Models

Through reading the documentation in the context, tool-using language models can dynamically extend their capability using external tools. The cost is that we have to input lengthy documentation every time the model needs to use the tool, occupying the input window as well as slowing down the decoding process. Given the progress in general-purpose compression, soft context compression is a suitable approach to alleviate the problem. However, when compressing tool documentation, existing methods suffer from the weaknesses of key information loss (specifically, tool/parameter name errors) and difficulty in adjusting the length of compressed sequences based on documentation lengths. To address these problems, we propose two strategies for compressing tool documentation into concise and precise summary sequences for tool-using language models. 1) Selective compression strategy mitigates key information loss by deliberately retaining key information as raw text tokens. 2) Block compression strategy involves dividing tool documentation into short chunks and then employing a fixed-length compression model to achieve variable-length compression. This strategy facilitates the flexible adjustment of the compression ratio. Results on API-Bank and APIBench show that our approach reaches a performance comparable to the upper-bound baseline under up to 16x compression ratio

Adsorption of molybdenum (VI) from wastewater using a metal-organic framework material

With the aim of removing 99Mo from radioactive wastewater, a metal-organic framework Zr-MOF and its functionalized derivatives (Zr-MOF-SO4 and Zr-MOF-C2O4) were prepared as adsorbents, and characterized by SEM, XPS and FI-IR. The results showed the –SO4 and –C2O4 groups were successfully loaded onto the surface of the original Zr-MOF; the obtained Zr-MOF-SO4 and Zr-MOF-C2O4 presented different morphologies as small pellets. Both exhibit high adsorption efficiency and fast adsorption rates due to their abundant –SO4 and –C2O4 surface groups, that provide many adsorption sites for Mo(VI). The maximum adsorption capacities for Mo(VI) of Zr-MOF-SO4 and Zr-MOF-C2O4 are 192.5 mg g−1 and 432.3 mg g−1, respectively, which is an improvement over other similar adsorbents. In addition, thermodynamic studies indicate a spontaneous exothermic mechanism for the adsorption process. These results demonstrate that anchoring of the functionalized groups is a good way to improve Mo(VI) adsorption capacity of MOF materials

A comparative study of adsorption properties of zirconium (IV) phosphonates for removal of 90Sr

With as goal of improving on traditional α-ZrP, four zirconium phosphonate materials were prepared as potential adsorbents for the removal of 90Sr from nuclear wastewater. A typical sol–gel method was used, for phosphonates: hydroxy ethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP), amino tri-(methylenephosphonic acid) (ATMP), ethylene diamine tetra-(methylene phosphonic acid) (EDTMP), and diethylenetriamine penta-(methylenephosphonic acid) (DETPMP) to give ZrP-HEDP, ZrP-ATMP, ZrP-EDTMP and ZrP-DETPMP, respectively. These materials exhibit a similar crystalline phase to α-ZrP, but have a completely different morphology. After loading of these organophosphonate groups, the original sheet-morphology disappears, and the materials were consistent with smaller particles. However, the loading of organophosphonate groups expands the inter-layer distances. Remarkably, these materials have a stronger ability to remove Sr2+, with higher adsorption capacity than α-ZrP, especially ZrP-ATMP due to its wider layer distance. The maximum adsorption capacities for Sr2+ are 158 mg g−1, 175 mg g−1, 115 mg g−1 and 76 mg g−1for ZrP-HEDP, ZrP-ATMP, ZrP-EDTMP and ZrP-DETPMP, respectively, while that ofα-ZrP is 55 mg g−1. The higher adsorption capacities of these zirconium phosphonate materials is attributed to their wider interlayer spacing, allowing more room for Sr2+ to move

Adsorption of radioactive iodine on surfactant-modified sodium niobate

To capture radioactive iodine from wastewater, nanofibers and cubes of Ag2O anchored to sodium niobate composites were prepared as absorbents.</p