Медицинские и педагогические аспекты проблемы сохранения здоровья детей

Изложены актуальные вопросы состояния здоровья детей Украины. Приведены медицинские и педагогические аспекты решения проблемы сохранения здоровья детей.Urgent issues of children's health in Ukraine are reported. Medical and pedagogical aspects of solving the problem of children's health protection are described

Does dysphoria lead to divergent mental fatigue effects on a cognitive task?

Objective: Tiredness, low energy, and listlessness are common symptoms to be associated with depression. The question remains to what extent these symptoms influence the effects of fatigue on sustained performance tasks, such as impaired task engagement and performance. Based on earlier findings, it was hypothesized that dysphoric (i.e., mildly depressed) individuals, compared to healthy controls, would display earlier fatigue onset and more severe fatigue effects on task engagement and performance during a cognitive task. Methods: Sixty-one dysphoric and twenty-one non-dysphoric control participants were compared during one hour of continuous performance on a 2-back task. During the task subjective fatigue, subjective engagement, objective task performance, baseline pupil diameter and stimulus-evoked pupil dilation were measured. Results: While we found that the dysphoric group reported relatively higher subjective fatigue than the healthy control group at the start of the experiment, we did not find any other divergent fatigue effects during the experimental task. Conclusion: One explanation for the absence of divergent effect is that dysphoria may not have such a profound impact on available cognitive resources, like attention, as initially thought. Based on the results of the present study, we conclude that dysphoria is not necessarily an increased risk factor for impaired sustained performance on cognitive tasks that may induce mental fatigue

Europium-doped calcium pyrophosphates : allotropic forms and photoluminescent properties

In a search for new luminescent biological probes, we synthesized calcium pyrophosphates doped with europium up to an atomic Eu/(Eu+Ca) ratio of 2%. They were prepared by coprecipitating a mixture of calcium and europium salts with phosphate. After heating at 900°C in air, two phases coexisted, identified as the β calcium pyrophosphate form and EuPO4. Heating near 1250°C in air, during the β→ transformation, europium ions substitute for calcium ions in the * calcium pyrophosphate structure as demonstrated by the spectroscopic study. Europium ions with both valence states (divalent and trivalent) were observed in the samples. Following the synthesis procedure, partial reduction of Eu3+ took place even in an oxidizing atmosphere. The 0.5%-doped compound could serve as a sensitive probe in biological applications. Depending on the excitation wavelength, the luminescence occurs either in the red or in the blue regions, which discriminates it from parasitic signals arising from other dyes or organelles in live cells

Gesubtitueerde formamidinen en trichlooraceetamidinen

In the literature only a few "ortho-amides", of the type R - C(NR'2)3, are mentioned. Giacalone prepared trianilinomethane by heating aniline and ethyl orthoformate. In the same way Lewis and Post made derivatives of this compound, starting from the chloro-anilines. ... Zie: Summary

The Efficacy of Working Memory Training on Working Memory Capacity, Psychopathology, and Mental Well-being

__Abstract__ Mood and anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychopathological disorders in the Netherlands (de Graaf, ten Have, Van Gool, & Van Dorsselaer, 2012). Anxiety disorders and major depression, which are the focus of this dissertation, affect respectively 10.1% and 5.2% of the Dutch population yearly. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 150 million people worldwide suffer from depression (WHO, 2008) and 15% of the world population will suffer from an anxiety disorder in his/her life (Kessler et al., 2009). Approximately 85% of these patients suffer from both depression and anxiety (Gorman, 1996). This high comorbidity rate might indicate a shared underlying etiology and is reflected in similar consequences. That is, both psychiatric disorders result in significant social and personal concern, which is associated with reduced quality of life, productivity and even significantly increased mortality (Doris, Ebmeier, & Shajahan, 1999). As a matter of fact, mood and anxiety disorders are responsible for 40% of the costs for work absence and disability to work (Hutschemaekers, Donker, & Richter, 2000). Unfortunately, the prevalence of these disorders has remained stable over decades, which might imply that contemporary treatments are not able to reduce these disorders (de Graaf et al., 2012)

Norms of valence, arousal, dominance, and age of acquisition for 4300 Dutch words

This article presents norms of valence/pleasantness, activity/arousal, power/dominance, and age of acquisition for 4,300 Dutch words, mainly nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and verbs. The norms are based on ratings with a 7-point Likert scale by independent groups of students from two Belgian (Ghent and Leuven) and two Dutch (Rotterdam and Leiden-Amsterdam) samples. For each variable, we obtained high split-half reliabilities within each sample and high correlations between samples. In addition, the valence ratings of a previous, more limited study (Hermans & De Houwer, Psychologica Belgica, 34:115-139, 1994) correlated highly with those of the present study. Therefore, the new norms are a valuable source of information for affective research in the Dutch language

Norms of valence, arousal, dominance, and age of acquisition for 4,300 Dutch words

Abstract This article presents norms of valence/pleasantness, activity/arousal, power/dominance, and age of acquisition for 4,300 Dutch words, mainly nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and verbs. The norms are based on ratings with a 7-point Likert scale by independent groups of students from two Belgian (Ghent and Leuven) and two Dutch (Rotterdam and Leiden-Amsterdam) samples. For each variable, we obtained high split-half reliabilities within each sample and high correlations between samples. In addition, the valence ratings of a previous, more limited study (Hermans & De Houwer, Psychologica Belgica, 34:115-139, 1994) correlated highly with those of the present study. Therefore, the new norms are a valuable source of information for affective research in the Dutch language