Asupan Zat Gizi Makro, Status Gizi, dan Status Imun pada Vegetarian dan Non-Vegetarian

Latar Belakang : Status imun dapat menjadi salah satu penanda kondisi sistem imun di dalam tubuh. Vegetarian umumnya memiliki indeks massa tubuh (IMT) yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan non-vegetarian. Hal tersebut memberikan dampak positif terhadap status imun vegetarian. Di samping itu, vegetarian juga mengalami defisiensi beberapa zat gizi yang dapat menyebabkan dampak buruk pada status imun vegetarian. Salah satu penanda status imun tubuh yaitu jumlah leukosit, dimana leukosit merupakan imunologi pertama yang muncul untuk melawan patogen. Tujuan : Membandingkan asupan zat gizi makro, status gizi, dan status imun antara vegetarian dan non-vegetarian. Metode : Sampel penelitian sebanyak 64 wanita dipilih melalui consecutive sampling yang terdiri dari 32 subjek vegetarian dan 32 subjek non-vegetarian. Berat badan dan tinggi badan dari subjek diukur untuk menentukan status gizi. Asupan zat gizi makro diukur melalui Semi Quantitative-Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) dan dianalisis menggunakan program software gizi. Status imun diperoleh dari perhitungan jumlah sel darah putih (leukosit). Analisis statistik yang digunakan yaitu uji T Independen atau Mann-Whitney. Hasil : Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada status gizi (p=0.019), asupan karbohidrat (p=0.002), asupan serat (p=0.001), asupan lemak jenuh (p=0.001), dan asupan lemak tidak jenuh (p=0.001) antara vegetarian dan non-vegetarian. Simpulan : Asupan karbohidrat, serat, dan lemak tidak jenuh lebih tinggi pada vegetarian sementara status gizi dan asupan lemak jenuh lebih tinggi pada non-vegetarian

Growth of pre-service teachers’ knowledge and teaching ideas about decimals and fractions : The case of Vivi

This paper discussed and analysed the growth of one pre-service teachers’ knowledge about decimals and fractions during a teaching experiment. Evidence of her progress is based on responses to written test and interview questions. This case shows with probing questions and appropriate teaching ideas, it is possible for a pre-service teacher with initially weak and fragmented knowledge about decimals and fractions to develop a meaningful knowledge about decimals and fractions. The stronger conceptual base provided by use of a concrete representation of decimals enabled Vivi to move away from reliance on memorised facts and rules and towards conceptually based explanations of ideas

Strategi Implementasi Tik dan Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru terhadap Perubahan Pembelajaran Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Kota Semarang

This study aimed to identify the influence of implementation of ICT strategies of pedagogical competence of teachers and changes in student learning at the junior high schools in Semarang City. The number of respondents in this study as many as 188 people, with the status as a teacher Junior High School (SMP) in Semarang with a minimum of 3 years working lives and administer subjects using multimedia instructional media were selected by purposive sampling method.   Mechanical testing of the data used in this peneiltian include test validity with factor analysis, reliability testing with Cronbach alpha formula, multiple regression analysis, keofisien determination, F test, t test to validate research hypothesis and test to analyze the effects of mediating variables mediating effect of motivation.   The research proves that (1). ICT implementation strategies have a significant effect on teachers pedagogical competence, (2). ICT implementation strategies have a significant effect on changes in student learning, and (3). Pedagogical competence of teachers have a significant effect on changes in student learning