The Concentration of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and Se in Fiber Fractions of Legumes in Indonesia

This study was carried out to evaluate concentration of micro minerals (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and Se) of forages and their distribution in fiber fraction (neutral detergent fiber/NDF and acid detergent fiber/ADF) in West Sumatra during dry and rainy seasons. Four species of common legume namely Leucaena leucocephala, Centrocema pubescens, Calopogonium mucunoides and Acacia mangium were collected at native pasture during rainy and dry seasons. The results showed that micro minerals concentration of forages and their distribution in fiber fraction varied among species and season. In general, concentration of micro minerals was slightly higher in rainy season compared to dry season either in legumes forages. Data on legume forages showed that 75% of legumes were deficient in Zn and Mn, 62.5 % deficient in Cu and 50 % deficient in Se. There was no species of legume deficient in Fe. Distribution of micro minerals in NDF and ADF were also significantly affected by species and season and depends on the kinds of element measured. Generally, micro minerals were associated in fiber fractions and it yield much higher during dry season compared to rainy season. Iron (Fe) and selenium (Se) in forages were the highest elements associated in NDF and ADF, while the lowest was found in Copper (Cu). (Animal Production 12(2): 105-110 (2010

MILK QUALITY OF DAIRY GOAT BY GIVING FEED SUPPLEMENT AS ANTIOXIDANT SOURCE

Free radical levels can be higher than the level of endogenous antioxidants in the body so that uncomfortable conditions in the body of dairy goats could happen. To anticipate this uncomfortable conditions will be given feed supplement (FS) as source of antioxidants (AOX). FS contain mixture pineapple rind meal and antioxidant minerals (AOXM) each 25 ppm Zn and 10 ppm Cu. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of feed supplements as antioxidant source on milk quality of dairy goats. Sixteen Etawah dairy goats in the second lactation were used in the experiment that conducted using randomized block design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments were R0 (grass + concentrate), R1 (R0 + FS containing 0.04 % AOX), R2 (R0 + FS containing 0.06% AOX), R3 (R0 + FS containing 0.08 % AOX). The data collected were analyzed using Anova. The result of phytochemicals analysis indicated that feed supplement contained flavonoid, polyphenols, sesqiuterpen, mopnoterpen, steroids, quinones and saponins. The results of study showed that there were difference (p<0.05) among treatments on blood and milk cholesterol and milk lactose, but there were no difference (P>0.05) on milk yield, milk fat, milk protein and milk antioxidant. The conclusion of this study was the feed supplements containing 0.08 AOX produced the best response to milk quality of dairy goats

Kecernaan Ransum Domba Berbasis Daun Sawit Teramoniasi Yang Disuplementasi Sulfur, Fosfor, Dan Daun Ubi Kayu

This research aimed to evaluate the effect of S, P minerals and cassava leaves supplementation on utilization of ammoniated palm oil leaves in rumen sheep. The research used randomized block design with five rations as treatments and four groups as replication. The treatments were A= grass as control; B= ammoniated palm oil leaves; C= ammoniated palm oil leaves + 0.4% S and 0.27% P; D= ammoniated palm oil leaves + 5% cassava leaves; and E= ammoniated palm oil leaves +y 0.4% S, 0.27% P and 5% cassava leaves. The parameters measured were dry matter intake and digestibility of dry matter and fiber fraction (NDF, ADF, cellulose, and hemicelluloses). Dietary treatments had not significant effect on dry matter intake but significantly increased dry matter and fiber fraction digestibility, especially ADF. Diet E indicated the highest digestibility which supplied the entire nutrient required to growth and optimize activities of rumen microbes

The Effect of Incubation TIME and Level of Urea on Dry Matter, Organic Matter and Crude Protein Digestibility of Passion Fruit (Passiflora Edulis Var. Flavicarpa) Hulls

This research was aimed to evaluate the effect of incubation time and level of urea on dry matter,organic matter and crude protein digestibility of Passion fruit hulls. The research was conducted by twophases. The first, the research was conducted to analyze of Passion fruit hulls before and afterammoniation, and then conducting digestibility of Passion fruit hulls using rumen fluid. FactorialRandomized Block design 2x3, with factor A was incubation time of ammoniated Passion fruit hulls (2weeks, 3 weeks) and factor B was the level of urea used (4%, 6% and 8%) was used in this study. Theresults showed that there was no significantly effects among treatments on dry matter and organic matterdigestibilities, but significant effect (P<0.05) on crude protein digestibility by level of urea treatment,even those there was no interaction between each treatment. The research showed that increasing levelof urea could increase in-vitro digestibility of crude protein nutrients. In conclusion, the best treatmentwas 8% level of urea with 2 weeks of incubation length

Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk N, P, dan K terhadap Kecernaan secara In Vitro Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum Purpureum) CV. Taiwan yang di Inokulasi CMA Glomus Manihotis pada Lahan Bekas Tambang Batubara

This objective of the research was to investigated the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein of elephant grass cv. Taiwan by in vitro technique. The method of research was using a Random Design Group with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment A (100% N, P and K without CMA), treatment B (100% N, P, and K + 10gr of CMA), treatment C (75% N, P, and K + 10gr of CMA), treatment D (50% N, P, and K + 10gr of CMA) and treatment E (25% N, P, and K + 10gr of CMA), respectively. The results of the research showed that the effects of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein digestibility were not significantly (P<0.05) different between the treatments. The dry matter digestibility of elephant grass cv. Taiwan ranged from 53.47% to 57.72%, organic matter digestibility ranged from 57.66% to 63.75%, and crude protein digestibility ranged from 65.67% to 70.70%, respectively. It could be concluded that the given of 25% of N, P, and K + 10 gram of CMA glomus manihotis was better the digestibility on dry matter, organic matter and crude protein. Therefore, it means that the same value with fertilizer N, P, and K 100% without CMA

The Concentration of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and Se in Fiber Fractions of Legumes in Indonesia

This study was carried out to evaluate concentration of micro minerals (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and Se) of forages and their distribution in fiber fraction (neutral detergent fiber/NDF and acid detergent fiber/ADF) in West Sumatra during dry and rainy seasons. Four species of common legume namely Leucaena leucocephala, Centrocema pubescens, Calopogonium mucunoides and Acacia mangium were collected at native pasture during rainy and dry seasons. The results showed that micro minerals concentration of forages and their distribution in fiber fraction varied among species and season. In general, concentration of micro minerals was slightly higher in rainy season compared to dry season either in legumes forages. Data on legume forages showed that 75% of legumes were deficient in Zn and Mn, 62.5 % deficient in Cu and 50 % deficient in Se. There was no species of legume deficient in Fe. Distribution of micro minerals in NDF and ADF were also significantly affected by species and season and depends on the kinds of element measured. Generally, micro minerals were associated in fiber fractions and it yield much higher during dry season compared to rainy season. Iron (Fe) and selenium (Se) in forages were the highest elements associated in NDF and ADF, while the lowest was found in Copper (Cu). (Animal Production 12(2): 105-110 (2010)Keywords: Seasons, forages, micro mineral distribution, fiber fractio

Toward Probiotict Food Product from Meat Through Isolation and Identification Lactic Acid Bacteria As Probiotic Culture Stater

Probiotic food products of meat can provide extensive benefits, to increase the shelf life and nutritional value also improve the taste. The use of lactic acid bacteria culture (LAB) derived from the isolation of the meat and the addition of probiotic cultures (Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria) in fermented sausage processing is expected to produce a probiotic sausage products with nutritional value, and better shelf life and improve health. This study aimed to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of meat as a starter culture fermented sausages. The parameters observed were gram test, catalase, motility, gas production, type of fermentation, growth at various temperatures and pH. The results were obtained 28 isolates, 17 isolates were able to produce acid and 8 of them are lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with the characteristics of gram-positive, catalase negative, not motile, produces gas, are hetero and homo fermentative, optimum growth temperature of 300C and a few of them are able to grow on pH 3.5. Lactic acid bacteria that able to be combined with probiotics as sausage starter culture to the probiotic food products of meat

The Activity Of Cellulose Enzyme From Indigenous Bacteria "Bacillus Sp YLB1" As Bioactivator

This study aims to test the activity of cellulase enzyme (CMCase) fromindigenous bacteria "Bacillus Sp YLB1" as bioactivator of palm oil based feed. Thetreatment consists of various combinations of substart, namely: P1 = 80% palm leaves +10% palm kernel cake + 10% sludge; P2 = 60% palm leaves + 20% palm kernel cake +20% sludge and P3 = 60% palm leaves + 30% palm kernel cake+ 30% sludge. The parameters observed were cellulase enzyme activity (CMCase) onvarious combinations of palm oil waste and fermentation time. The results showed thatcellulase enzyme (CMCase) production of Bacillus sp YLB1 bacteria during fermentationfluctuated ie 0.143 Units / ml; 0.372 Units / ml; 0.588 Units / ml; 1.013 Units / ml; 0.906Units / ml; 1,065 Units / ml and 1,198 Units / ml.The activity of cellulase enzyme(CMCase) on substrate P1 is lower than P2 and P3. As conclutions that cellulase enzymeactivity of Bacillus sp YLB1 influenced by the combination of substrate and fermentationtime. The P3 fermented with Bacillus sp YLB1 for 7 days gave a more optimal result thanthe other treatment

Supplementation of Sakura Block Plus in Beef Cattle Fed with Palm Fronds and Its Effect on Nutrient Digestibility

Sakura Block Plus is a modification of Sakura Block, incorporating 6% earthworms and palm kernel cake as substitutes for corn. The objective of this study was to evaluate the supplementation of Sakura Block Plus in palm frond feed on the nutrient digestibility of beef cattle. The research design employed a Latin Square Design (LSD) with treatments P0 (10% Sakura Block Plus), P1 (8% Sakura Block Plus), P2 (10% Sakura Block Plus), and P3 (12% Sakura Block Plus).  Four male beef cattle, 18 months old, weighing approximately ± 110 kg, were utilized throughout four treatment periods, each lasting 15 days. The results of the study indicated a significant improvement in the 12% Sakura Block Plus treatment concerning the digestibility of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), and hemicellulose. In conclusion, the supplementation of Sakura Block Plus at the 12% level in palm frond feed resulted in the most optimal nutrient digestibility