Architecture of the Adenovirus Capsid

Smith, Kendall O. (Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, Tex.), Warren D. Gehle, and Melvin D. Trousdale . Architecture of the adenovirus capsid. J. Bacteriol. 90: 254–261. 1965.—The capsids of adenovirus type 2 were fragmented by treatment with low concentrations of sodium lauryl sulfate. The clusters of capsomeres resulting from this treatment displayed characteristic patterns. Some of these clusters, each consisting of nine capsomeres, interlocked so as to form the triangular facets of the viral icosahedron. There is some evidence which suggests that the capsomeres are connected to each other by filamentous structures located near their bases. Connections between capsomeres along the edges and at the vertices of the triangular facets were the first to break when particles were treated with sodium lauryl sulfate. Further treatment broke connections between other capsomeres. These data provide additional information concerning the capsomere arrangements and the fine structure of adenoviruses. </jats:p

Properties of a Small Virus Associated with Adenovirus Type 4

Summary One of our laboratory strains of adenovirus 4 was found to be contaminated with a virus having the following characteristics: it is small (18 × 21 mµ in diameter), angular in outline, probably icosahedral in symmetry, has a netlike capsid similar to reovirus, with about 100 antigenically reactive sites available on its surface, requires adenovirus for replication, suppresses the growth rate and ultimate yield of adenovirus in cell cultures, is serologically similar to another small virus from adenovirus 7 but distinct from one found associated with adenovirus 18, is structurally and serologically distinct from adenoviruses, and is stable to 60°C heating for 30 min, as well as to treatment with anionic detergent (SLS) and diethyl ether. These characteristics identify this agent as an adeno-associated virus (AAV), a member of a newly recognized group of small, defective DNA viruses (3, 4).</jats:p

Serologic Evidence That Infectious Canine Hepatitis Virus Commonly Infects Humans and Is Related to Human Adenovirus Type 8

Abstract We have been interested in the possibility that viruses commonly occurring in household pets and other domestic animals infect man. Human infection with infectious canine hepatitis virus, (ICHV) has been suspected in the past, but evidence for this has been meager. Studies on the relationship of ICHV to human disease have been largely limited to veterinary workers (1) or to determining whether ICHV causes human hepatitis (2). ICHV, a canine adenovirus, was of particular interest to us in regard to human infection because Sarma et al. showed it to be oncogenic for hamsters (3). We reported recently that ICHV can infect human cells in vitro and initiate the synthesis of small amounts of new virus, and that infected human cells produce tumor-specific antigens (4). We also found that ICHV can frequently be isolated from the kidneys of dogs (5). This is not surprising because most dogs periodically receive doses of live attenuated ICHV vaccine for the prevention of infectious hepatitis and probably harbor virus for extended periods of time.</jats:p

Colorimetric and Fluorometric Substrate Immunoassays for Detection of Salmonella in All Foods: Comparative Study

Abstract Two modified fluorescent enzyme Immunoassays for the detection of Salmonella In food have been developed. Both of the new procedures, which substitute a colorimetric substrate for the fluorescent substrate and In which results are read visually or with a photometer, are modifications of AOAC method 989.15. The visually read procedure uses the same antibody-coated wells as In method 989.15. The colorimetric end point of the assay is determined by comparing the solution color to a color chart. The assay result may also be read in a photometer, If the solution is first transferred to a transparent mlcrotiter well. The second procedure designed to be read in a photometer substitutes clear, antibody-coated wells for those used In the fluorescent assay. The colorimetric assays employ Identical monoclonal antibodies for capture and detection of Salmonella as used in the fluorescent assay. In this comparative study, the performance of each new assay was consistent with the performance of method 989.15. These methods have been adopted official first action by AOAC as alternative methods for the detection of Salmonella in foods.</jats:p

Some Antigenic and Physical Properties of Virus-Like Particles in Sera of Hepatitis Patients

Abstract The Australia antigen was detected by Blumberg, Alter and Visnich in 1965 in human sera by formation of a precipitin line in Ouchterlony gel diffusion slides (1). Antibodies used to detect the antigen are found in sera from patients who have received multiple transfusions The antigen is rare in healthy Americans, but common in patients with either infectious or serum hepatitis, patients with Down's syndrome who have anicteric hepatitis, patients with leukemia or leprosy, and apparently healthy persons in certain tropical populations (2). Bayer, Blumberg and Werner described 19 to 21 mµ particles in antigen-containing serum fractions from sucrose gradients (3). The particles were aggregated by the same sera that precipitated the antigen. Blumberg and co-workers and Prince have suggested that the antigen is a virus or is intimately associated with a virus that is responsible for hepatitis in man (2–5).</jats:p

Fluorescent Enzyme Immunoassay for Rapid Screening of Salmonella in Foods: Collaborative Study

Abstract A collaborative study was performed in 13 laboratories to validate an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) procedure for rapid detection of Salmonella in foods. The EIA was compared with the standard culture procedure for detection of Salmonella in 6 food types: ground black pepper, soy flour, dried whole eggs, milk chocolate, nonfat dry milk, and raw deboned turkey. Uninoculated and inoculated samples were included in each food group analyzed. There was no significant difference in the proportion of samples positive by the EIA and culture procedures at the 5% level for any of the 6 foods. The enzyme immunoassay screening method has been adopted official first action as a rapid screening method for detection of Salmonella.</jats:p