Simple data analysis for biologists

This document provides a simple introduction to research methods and analysis tools for biologists or environmental scientists, with particular emphasis on fish biology in devleoping countries

Simple data analysis for biologists

This document provides a simple introduction to research methods and analysis tools for biologists or environmental scientists, with particular emphasis on fish biology in devleoping countries.Data processing, Statistical analysis, Biology, Biological sampling, Statistical sampling

PEMBUATAN ARANG AKTIF DARI TULANG IKAN TUNA

To support the excess of the fishery in the Indonesian archipelago. Government through the StateOwned Enterprises as ingredients, as well as carried out the heating at a temperature and time, then soaked in a solution of 12% H 2 SO . Activated charcoal tested its activity by using a solution Methelyn Blue through peniteran. Results from this study obtained the most favorable conditions for the manufacture of activated charcoal that CaCl 4 concentration of 20%, a 40-minute activation time, activation temperature of 75 °C and the absorption of Methelyn Blue 99.12 ml / g. Keywords: Activated charcoal, calcium chloride, activation temperature, fish bones, activation tim

Pembuatan Arang Aktif Dari Tulang Ikan Tuna

Untuk menunjang kelebihan hasil perikanan di Kepulauan Indonesia. Pemerintah melalui Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) berusaha mengolah ikan-ikan tersebut dalam bentuk ikan kalengan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ikan di dalam negeri atau kebutuhan ekspor. Tulang ikan yang merupakan salah satu limbah industri pengalengan kurang banyak dimanfaatkan. Oleh karena itu peneliti tergerak untuk meneliti limbah industri pengalengan tersebut sebagai bahan baku pembuatan arang aktif, karena dalam tulang ikan mengandung karbon dimana arang aktif merupakan senyawa karbon amorph, yang dapat dihasilkan dari bahan-bahan yang mengandung karbon atau dari arang yang diperlakukan dengan cara khusus untuk mendapatkan permukaan yang lebih luas. Arang aktif dapat mengadsorpsi gas dan senyawa-senyawa kimia tertentuatau sifat adsorpsinya selektif, tergantung pada besar atau volume pori-pori dan luas permukaan. Tulang ikan diarangkan dengan proses pirolisis. Untuk mendapatkan arang aktif, maka arang hasil pirolisis diaktifasi dengan cara penambahan CaCl2 sebagai bahan pengaktif serta dilakukan pemanasan pada suhu dan waktu tertentu, selanjutnya direndam dalam larutan H2SO4 12%. Arang aktif diuji keaktifannya dengan menggunakan larutan Methelyn Blue melalui peniteran. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapat kondisi yang paling baik untuk pembuatan arang aktif yaitu konsentrasi CaCl2 20%, waktu aktifasi 40 menit, suhu aktifasi 75 °C dan daya serap terhadap Methelyn Blue 99,12 ml/g

Complete genome sequences of seven Vibrio cholerae phages isolated in China

The complete genome sequences of seven closely related Vibrio cholerae phages isolated from environmental sites in southeastern China are reported here. Phages QH, CJY, H1, H2, H3, J2, and J3 are members of the Podoviridae family and are highly similar to the previously sequenced Vibrio phages VP2, VP5, and phiVC8

THE IMPORTANCE OF STRATEGIC COMPETENCE IN SUPPORTING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING PERFORMANCE

Sometimes, people may request to offer our viewpoints on a specific subject. It is once in a while difficult to verbally communicate our opinion to others. Those may have trouble putting our thoughts into words or may even dread be addressing to others. So, communication is not effectively delivered. Therefore, we should be able to find an effective way to continue expressing idea using suitable words. Due to this problem, this study was aimed to investigate whether strategic competence has positive relationship with speaking performance and to discover the varieties of strategic competence undertaken by the students particularly. A descriptive method used in this study. The data needed were obtained through a sample consisting of 14 students at Senior High School in Garut. The data analysis shows that there is positive relationship between strategic competence and speaking performance. In addition, the communication strategies or strategic competences, which are the most often, applied by the participants of study, are borrowing including literal translation and language mix. Also, they often applied paraphrase including approximation and circumlocution. According to the findings, it can be concluded that communication strategies are important for learners to notice that breakdown in communication not as some insuperable obstacle to be stayed away but as a great chance for learning. So, it is expected that the teachers help the students to remain in conversation, and so allow them with more input and more opportunities to develop their interlanguage system

Developing Useful and Transferable Skills: Course Design to Prepare Students for a Life of Learning

This article examines evidence of academic skill development and transfer related to the taking of a first year Inquiry-based seminar course designed to enhance a range of self directed learning skills and their transferability to other learning contexts. The study compares a sample of academic work from two groups of Social Sciences students, one comprised of students who had taken the Inquiry course and the other who had not. The student work consists of 1) papers submitted by participants who were asked for the best paper they had written at university and 2) descriptive narratives provided by participants of the steps they took in researching and writing that paper. Qualitative and quantitative analysis by multiple raters using a blinded protocol was conducted. The results show both meaningfully higher paper and skill assessments for students who had taken the inquiry seminar and evidence of transfer of skills and strategy to other learning contexts, supporting the hypothesis that transfer of core skills occurs under particular learning conditions that can be fostered through course design and enhanced through specific pedagogical objectives

Water Quality at the Inlet to the St. Lawrence River, 1977 to 1983

Daily nutrients analyses and weekly major ions and trace metals analyses have been performed since 1977 on water samples collected in the south channel of the St. Lawrence River at Wolfe Island. This report presents the results of the first seven years of this program. Data analyses showed that pH and total phosphorus were underestimated. Calcium carbonate precipitation is suspected to occur almost every year in August or September. Most of the major ions have decreased, especially chloride and sodium. All trace metal data were below the objectives of the International Joint Commission in 90% of the cases or more. The Wolfe Island station was found to be a good tool for following the general trend of the main water quality parameters. More attention, however, should be focused on the problems of shipping delays and containers

Mapping B-cell responses to Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis in chickens for the discrimination of infected from vaccinated animals

Serological surveillance and vaccination are important strategies for controlling infectious diseases of food production animals. However, the compatibility of these strategies is limited by a lack of assays capable of di erentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA tests) for established killed or attenuated vaccines. Here, we used next generation phage-display (NGPD) and a 2-proportion Z score analysis to identify peptides that were preferentially bound by IgY from chickens infected with Salmonella Typhimurium or S. Enteritidis compared to IgY from vaccinates, for both an attenuated and an inactivated commercial vaccine. Peptides that were highly enriched against IgY from at least 4 out of 10 infected chickens were selected: 18 and 12 peptides for the killed and attenuated vaccines, respectively. The ten most discriminatory peptides for each vaccine were identi ed in an ELISA using a training set of IgY samples. These peptides were then used in multi-peptide assays that, when analysing a wider set of samples from infected and vaccinated animals, diagnosed infection with 100% sensitivity and speci city. The data describes a method for the development of DIVA assays for conventional attenuated and killed vaccines