On Certain Practical Issues Relating to Construction of the In-duct Single Mode Synthesizer

It is convenient to have a device and a method of generating single cut-on modes in cylindrical hard-walled waveguides or at least in laboratory models of such systems. This allows to examine, among other things, properties of various active and/or passive elements inserted in a cylindrical duct by testing them in conditions when the incident (input) wave comprises only one cut-on mode and determining the reflection and transmission coefficients for single selected incident modes. As it has been already demonstrated by the present authors, it is possible to generate single cut-on modes in a circular duct using a small (although increasing with mode order) number of acoustic monopoles arranged properly on a duct cross-section and driven with appropriate acoustic volume amplitudes and phases. Laboratory models of such sources are proposed in this paper and results of tests verifying their directional properties are presented. The other technical issue relating to practical utilization of the proposed method is the possible error introduced by the apparatus used for scanning the acoustic field inside the duct model. It is shown that insertion of the measuring probe changes the total energy radiated into the free space only by a fraction of a decibel

An annotated checklist of the Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidomorpha) of Poland

The paper presents a comprehensive compilation of 764 taxa (species and subspecies), distributed over 167 genera, belonging to 17 subfamilies, three families and three superfamilies of Aphidomorpha recorded to date from Poland. The systematic positions of 19 taxa have been revised in accordance with recent changes in nomenclature. The presence in the Polish aphidofauna of Drepanosiphum oregonensis and Coloradoa huculaki, previously included without any distribution data in checklists of Polish aphids, has been confirmed. One species Sitobion (Sitobion) alopecuri is recognized as being new to Poland. At least 44 species (6% of local fauna of Aphidomorpha) are alien to Poland; among them 11 species collected from plants imported or cultivated in indoor conditions are listed