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New discoveries in New World Atissini as revealed in revision of Pelignellus Sturtevant & Wheeler (Diptera: Ephydridae)

Pelignellus is resurrected from synonymy with Atissa and is revised. The genus and both included species—P. subnudus Sturtevant & Wheeler from the USA (California) and P. freidbergi n. sp. from Central America (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Panama)—are described with an emphasis on structures of the male terminalia, which are fully illustrated. The species are keyed and their distribution data are provided. For perspective and to facilitate recognition of genera and species, the tribe Atissini is diagnosed and a key to genera is provided.   Resumen Pelignellus es recuperado de la sinonimia con Atissa y se revisa. El género y sus dos especies, P. subnudus Sturtevant & Wheeler de los Estados Unidos (California) y P. freidbergi n. sp. de América Central (Costa Rica, El Salvador y Panamá), se describen con un énfasis en las estructuras de los genitales masculinos, que están completamente ilustradas. Las especies se distinguen en la clave de iden­tificación y se proporcionan sus datos de distribución. Para facilitar el reco­no­cimiento de géneros y especies, se diagnostica la tribu Atissini y se proporciona una clave de identificación para los géneros. PALABRAS CLAVE: Efídridas, Atissini, Pelignellus, moscas de los playones, Nuevo Mundo, América Central, clave de identificación, nuevas especies.   Cite as: Zatwarnicki, T. & Mathis, W.N. 2019. New discoveries in New World Atissini as revealed in revision of Pelignellus Sturtevant & Wheeler (Diptera: Ephydridae). Israel Journal of Entomology 49 (2): 11–26. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3244845urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C65EE9E4-16AC-49A3-9E7A-2713A8A6CFD

A revision of the genus Notiphila Fallén (Diptera:Ephydridae) from America north of Mexico

The North American species of the shore fly genus Notiphila Fallen were taxonomically revised. Over 13,000 specimens were examined from throughout the Nearctic Region and information relating to the biology of many species occurring in the West was gathered from both field and laboratory studies. Previously used characters were reevaluated; new evidence from comparative morphological studies on the male and female postabdomens, from developmental stages, and from biological and ecological observations was collected. Forty-nine characters were selected, quantified, and analyzed using standard numerical taxonomic procedures. Collectively, all these data were assessed and a classification derived. Forty-seven Notiphila species are now recognized from North America. These have been further classified into two subgenera and six species-groups. The subgenera were first erected by E. T. Cresson, Jr. and have been substantiated by the additional evidence accumulated during this study. Likewise, the species-groups are essentially those of Cresson with additions and minor modifications. Recognition of the subgenus Notiphila is supported by the external morphology of both sexes, by the morphology of the pupae and larvae, and by phenetic analysis using quantitative procedures. This subgenus includes 25 North American species of which three species are resurrected from synonomy (N. bicolor Cresson, N. cognata Cresson, and N. unicolor), two new names are proposed N. cressoni and N. paludicola for N. bicolor and N. unicolor respectively), and 13 new species are described (N. adusta, N. footei, N. pallicornis, N. taenia, N. phaeopsis, N. pulcra, N. robusta, N. eleomyia, N. latigena, N. orienta, N. pauroura, N. poliosoma, and N. shewelli). These species have been arranged into three species-groups that are based primarily on characters of the male genitalia. Most of the species of this subgenus occur in eastern North America. The second subgenus, Agrolimna, comprises 22 species, including seven new species (N. scoliochaeta, N. atrata, N. deonieri, N. deserta, N. elophila, N. nanosoma, and N. paludia). In addition/ the following synonymies are proposed (older name first: N. decoris Williston = N. atrisetis Cresson, N. quadrisetosa Thomson = N. occidentalis Cresson, and N. pulchrifrons Loew = N. signata Cresson). N. transversa Walker, listed as an Agrolimna species in the latest North American catalog, is a species of the genus Dichaeta. Three species-groups are recognized for the North American species, and most species are distributed in western North America

Phylogeny and taxonomy of the shore-fly tribe Scatellini (Diptera: Ephydridae: Ephydrinae)

ABSTRACT The tribe Scatellini comprises 247 species (plus five nomina dubia) that are distributed in all biogeographical regions except Antarctica. The tribe currently includes nine genera. One genus, Scatella Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, includes six subgenera. To test the monophyly of Scatellini and to understand the phylogenetic relationships among the included genera, a cladistic analysis was performed. The optimization criterion chosen was parsimony using implicit character weighting, and the analysis was based on the morphological characters of adult males and females. The species of eight of nine genera of Scatellini from different geographic regions were studied. Species of the other tribes of Ephydrinae were also included to provide insight on the phylogenetic position of Scatellini within this subfamily. The implied weighting analysis showed that the tribe Scatellini, as currently characterized, is a monophyletic group, as are all the genera included in it. From this analysis, two major lineages emerged: 1. Scatella and its included subgenera; 2. All other genera of Scatellini. The latter clade includes (Thinoscatella (Lamproscatella + Haloscatella)) and the clade (Amalopteryx (Philotelma (Limnellia + Scatophila))). Five subgenera of Scatella were recovered as monophyletic groups: Parascatella Cresson, Synhoplos Lamb, Apulvillus Malloch, Scatella, and Teichomyza Macquart. Neoscatella Malloch is synonymized with Scatella sensu stricto. In the implied weighting analysis, Ephydrini and Scatellini are sister-groups. Based on this phylogenetic reconstruction, the taxonomy of Scatellini is presented at the generic level. A key to the included genera and subgenera is also presented

Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying to a bb pair in events with one charged lepton and large missing transverse energy using the full CDF data set

We present a search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with a W boson in sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV p-pbar collision data collected with the CDF II detector at the Tevatron corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.45 fb-1. In events consistent with the decay of the Higgs boson to a bottom-quark pair and the W boson to an electron or muon and a neutrino, we set 95% credibility level upper limits on the WH production cross section times the H->bb branching ratio as a function of Higgs boson mass. At a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV/c2 we observe (expect) a limit of 4.9 (2.8) times the standard model value.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett (v2 contains clarifications suggested by PRL

Remarkable fly (Diptera) diversity in a patch of Costa Rican cloud forest : Why inventory is a vital science

Study of all flies (Diptera) collected for one year from a four-hectare (150 x 266 meter) patch of cloud forest at 1,600 meters above sea level at Zurqui de Moravia, San Jose Province, Costa Rica (hereafter referred to as Zurqui), revealed an astounding 4,332 species. This amounts to more than half the number of named species of flies for all of Central America. Specimens were collected with two Malaise traps running continuously and with a wide array of supplementary collecting methods for three days of each month. All morphospecies from all 73 families recorded were fully curated by technicians before submission to an international team of 59 taxonomic experts for identification. Overall, a Malaise trap on the forest edge captured 1,988 species or 51% of all collected dipteran taxa (other than of Phoridae, subsampled only from this and one other Malaise trap). A Malaise trap in the forest sampled 906 species. Of other sampling methods, the combination of four other Malaise traps and an intercept trap, aerial/hand collecting, 10 emergence traps, and four CDC light traps added the greatest number of species to our inventory. This complement of sampling methods was an effective combination for retrieving substantial numbers of species of Diptera. Comparison of select sampling methods (considering 3,487 species of non-phorid Diptera) provided further details regarding how many species were sampled by various methods. Comparison of species numbers from each of two permanent Malaise traps from Zurqui with those of single Malaise traps at each of Tapanti and Las Alturas, 40 and 180 km distant from Zurqui respectively, suggested significant species turnover. Comparison of the greater number of species collected in all traps from Zurqui did not markedly change the degree of similarity between the three sites, although the actual number of species shared did increase. Comparisons of the total number of named and unnamed species of Diptera from four hectares at Zurqui is equivalent to 51% of all flies named from Central America, greater than all the named fly fauna of Colombia, equivalent to 14% of named Neotropical species and equal to about 2.7% of all named Diptera worldwide. Clearly the number of species of Diptera in tropical regions has been severely underestimated and the actual number may surpass the number of species of Coleoptera. Various published extrapolations from limited data to estimate total numbers of species of larger taxonomic categories (e.g., Hexapoda, Arthropoda, Eukaryota, etc.) are highly questionable, and certainly will remain uncertain until we have more exhaustive surveys of all and diverse taxa (like Diptera) from multiple tropical sites. Morphological characterization of species in inventories provides identifications placed in the context of taxonomy, phylogeny, form, and ecology. DNA barcoding species is a valuable tool to estimate species numbers but used alone fails to provide a broader context for the species identified.Peer reviewe

Reconstruction of primary vertices at the ATLAS experiment in Run 1 proton–proton collisions at the LHC

This paper presents the method and performance of primary vertex reconstruction in proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment during Run 1 of the LHC. The studies presented focus on data taken during 2012 at a centre-of-mass energy of √s=8 TeV. The performance has been measured as a function of the number of interactions per bunch crossing over a wide range, from one to seventy. The measurement of the position and size of the luminous region and its use as a constraint to improve the primary vertex resolution are discussed. A longitudinal vertex position resolution of about 30μm is achieved for events with high multiplicity of reconstructed tracks. The transverse position resolution is better than 20μm and is dominated by the precision on the size of the luminous region. An analytical model is proposed to describe the primary vertex reconstruction efficiency as a function of the number of interactions per bunch crossing and of the longitudinal size of the luminous region. Agreement between the data and the predictions of this model is better than 3% up to seventy interactions per bunch crossing