Keeping Confidence: Identifying resources

Keeping Confidence: HIV and the criminal law from service provider perspectives Duration: June 2012 - March 2013 The Monument Trust generously funded Sigma Research at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Birkbeck College to undertake a qualitative study on perceptions of criminal prosecutions for HIV transmission among HIV service providers. Five short reports outlining the key findings of the study focus on the main themes arising from our analysis of the focus group discussions. The findings and associated policy and practice recommendations will be of interest to: those who provide HIV health and social care and their professional bodies (for instance NHIVNA, CHIVA, BHIVA, BASHH, SSHA, BPS), police and others who play a role in criminal investigations and trials, and people with diagnosed HIV. Catherine Dodds, Matthew Weait, Adam Bourne, Siri Egede, Kathie Jessup and Peter Weatherburn

Keeping Confidence: Practice and procedure

Keeping Confidence: HIV and the criminal law from service provider perspectives Duration: June 2012 - March 2013 The Monument Trust generously funded Sigma Research at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Birkbeck College to undertake a qualitative study on perceptions of criminal prosecutions for HIV transmission among HIV service providers. Five short reports outlining the key findings of the study focus on the main themes arising from our analysis of the focus group discussions. The findings and associated policy and practice recommendations will be of interest to: those who provide HIV health and social care and their professional bodies (for instance NHIVNA, CHIVA, BHIVA, BASHH, SSHA, BPS), police and others who play a role in criminal investigations and trials, and people with diagnosed HIV

Keeping Confidence: Understanding the Law

Keeping Confidence: HIV and the criminal law from service provider perspectives Duration: June 2012 - March 2013 The Monument Trust generously funded Sigma Research at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Birkbeck College to undertake a qualitative study on perceptions of criminal prosecutions for HIV transmission among HIV service providers. Five short reports outlining the key findings of the study focus on the main themes arising from our analysis of the focus group discussions. The findings and associated policy and practice recommendations will be of interest to: those who provide HIV health and social care and their professional bodies (for instance NHIVNA, CHIVA, BHIVA, BASHH, SSHA, BPS), police and others who play a role in criminal investigations and trials, and people with diagnosed HIV

Keeping Confidence: HIV and the criminal law from service provider perspectives. Executive Summary

Keeping Confidence is a qualitative research study that explores the perceptions of criminal prosecutions for HIV transmission among those providing support, health and social care services for people with HIV. The main findings of the study are described in detail in four focussed reports, listed in the box above. This executive summary gives information about the background and methods of the project, and provides an overview of key themes and findings, concluding with recommendations relevant to those planning and delivering services for people with diagnosed HIV. Catherine Dodds, Matthew Weait, Adam Bourne, Siri Egede, Kathie Jessup and Peter Weatherburn. Five short reports outlining the key findings of the study focus on the main themes arising from our analysis of the focus group discussions. The findings and associated policy and practice recommendations will be of interest to: those who provide HIV health and social care and their professional bodies (for instance NHIVNA, CHIVA, BHIVA, BASHH, SSHA, BPS), police and others who play a role in criminal investigations and trials, and people with diagnosed HIV

Keeping Confidence: Responsibility and public health

Keeping Confidence: HIV and the criminal law from service provider perspectives Duration: June 2012 - March 2013 The Monument Trust generously funded Sigma Research at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Birkbeck College to undertake a qualitative study on perceptions of criminal prosecutions for HIV transmission among HIV service providers. Five short reports outlining the key findings of the study focus on the main themes arising from our analysis of the focus group discussions. The findings and associated policy and practice recommendations will be of interest to: those who provide HIV health and social care and their professional bodies (for instance NHIVNA, CHIVA, BHIVA, BASHH, SSHA, BPS), police and others who play a role in criminal investigations and trials, and people with diagnosed HIV

Partners of people on ART - a New Evaluation of the risks (The PARTNER study): design and methods

Matti A Ristola on työryhmän The PARTNER study group jäsenPeer reviewe

Criminalising vulnerability: Protecting ‘vulnerable’ children and punishing ‘wicked’ mothers

This article aims to uncover how, in attempting to ameliorate the vulnerability of children, the offence of ‘causing or allowing the death of the child’ criminalises abused mothers. It explores how, in the courtroom, tropes of female criminality and constructs of the ‘bad’ mother are mobilised in ways that are both gendered and ‘classed’. The effect is to silence female defendants, deprive their actions of context, and deny them agency. This argument has implications for assessing the moral and legal culpability of abused women who fail to protect their children, because it shifts the focus onto how the abuser has exploited and exacerbated the vulnerability of both mother and child. This approach also challenges law’s preoccupation with scrutinising (and punishing) women who do not adhere to a glorified, middle class ideal of motherhood. More broadly, by focusing on the context of a woman’s alleged ‘failure’, there opens a space within legal discourse to refute the characterisation of female criminality as being either ‘mad’ or ‘bad’, and of women who engage in criminal behaviour as being either ‘virgins’ or ‘whores’. Finally, in focusing on vulnerability as a universal and unavoidable part of the human experience, gendered assumptions of autonomy and the self/other dichotomy are challenged

Sexually charged: the views of gay and bisexual men on criminal prosecutions for sexual HIV transmission

The views of gay and bisexual men on criminal prosecutions for sexual HIV transmission: Across the world there has been an increase in criminal prosecutions of people with HIV for passing their virus to someone else. Some jurisdictions have passed laws that specify the transmission of HIV (or exposure to it) as an offence, while others are using existing legislation to bring prosecutions (Burris et al. 2008, Pearshouse 2008). The rise in prosecutions in the UK is part of a global trend to turn to the criminal law as a solution to the public health challenge of HIV. However, there is also a growing consensus among experts in law and HIV prevention that criminal prosecutions of reckless transmission do not contribute to HIV prevention and may in fact impede it (see Adam et al. 2008, Burris et al. 2008, UNAIDS 2008, Wainberg 2008, Pearshouse 2008, Weait 2007, Burris et al. 2007, Anderson et al. 2006, Lowbury & Kinghorn 2006, World Health Organisation 2006, Dodds et al. 2005, Elliott 2002). It is argued that prosecutions increase stigma, dissuade people from HIV testing and increase expectations that people with diagnosed HIV will disclose their infection to all sexual partners (and conversely that non-disclosure equals HIV negative, a deeply problematic assumption with widespread undiagnosed infection). South African Supreme Court Justice Edwin Cameron argues: Criminalisation assumes the worst about people with HIV. And in doing so, it punishes their vulnerability. The human rights approach assumes the best about people with HIV and it supports empowerment. The prevention of HIV is not just a technical challenge for public health. It is a challenge to all humanity to create a world in which behaving safely is trulyfeasible, in which it is safe for both sexual partners, and in which it is genuinely rewarding (Cameron 2008). Our research concerns one part of the interface between criminal prosecution for sexual HIV transmission and wider HIV prevention goals, the perceptions and understandings of gay and bisexual men in the UK