Differential pressure gauge has fast response

Differential pressure gage with semiconductor type strain gage elements measures rapidly changing pressure. Output of the strain gage elements is a dc voltage that is directly proportional to the pressure difference being measured

Absolute intensities for the ultraviolet γ bands of NO

Absolute intensities have been measured for three of the ultraviolet γ bands of NO. The corresponding electronic absorption oscillator strength is estimated to be 0.0024±0.0004

Nectria galligena as the cause of a collar rot disease in organically grown Topaz apple trees

Symptoms resembling collar rot were detected in organically managed Topaz trees aged 3-10 years, occur-ring one to several years after planting of the orchard. Trees were killed within the same growing season in which symptoms were first observed. The disease commonly progressed as a complete covered canker at the base of the tree trunk. Isolation attempts were negative for Phytophthora and other Oomycetes, but con-sistently yielded Nectria galligena. The possibility of latent (endophytic) infections of N. galligena as the cause of delayed collar rot symptoms is briefly discussed

An almost existence theorem for non-contractible periodic orbits in cotangent bundles

Assume M is a closed connected smooth manifold and H:T^*M->R a smooth proper function bounded from below. Suppose the sublevel set {H<d} contains the zero section and \alpha is a non-trivial homotopy class of free loops in M. Then for almost every s>=d the level set {H=s} carries a periodic orbit z of the Hamiltonian system (T^*M,\omega_0,H) representing \alpha. Examples show that the condition that {H<d} contains M is necessary and almost existence cannot be improved to everywhere existence.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures. v2: corrected typo

Emissivity for CO_2 at Elevated Pressures

Total absorptivity measurements have been carried out at room temperature as a function of partial pressure of CO_2 and of total pressure using nitrogen as pressurizing gas

Voting on the choice of core languages in the European Union

This is the post-print version of the final paper published in European Journal of Political Economy. The published article is available from the link below. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. Copyright @ 2008 Elsevier B.V.Extensive multilingualism is one of the most important and fundamental principles of the European Union (EU). However, a large number of languages (currently 23) hinders communication and imposes substantial financial and legal costs. On the other hand, the reduction of the number of languages would disenfranchise some or many EU citizens. We use the results of a survey on languages and argue that even though a linguistic reform reducing the number of languages is unlikely to gain sufficient political support today, this may change in the future since young people are more proficient at speaking foreign languages