A Note on the Maximum Genus of Graphs with Diameter 4

Let G be a simple graph with diameter four, if G does not contain complete subgraph K3 of order three

Thermal investigation on HSPM with new alloy sleeve

This paper presents a developed copper-iron alloy which made as the rotor sleeve in a high speed permanent magnetic machine (HSPMG), whist investigating its benefits in improve machine thermal performance. The features of the new alloy is experimental tested against the performance, which includes the conductivity, the permeability, and thermal conductivity, and the variation of loss distribution inside machine with sleeve conductivity and permeability are studied. A fluid-thermal coupled analysis model is proposed, by using which the fluid velocity and temperature distribution are obtained via numerical analyzing. The variations of machine operating temperature with new material are evaluated

The Systemic Evaluation and Clinical Significance of Immunological Function for Advanced Lung Cancer Patients

Background and objective The actual evaluation of immunological function is significant for studing the tumor development and devising a treatment in time. The aim of this study is to evaluate the immunological function of advanced lung cancer patients systematically, and to discuss the clinical significance. Methods The nucleated cell amounts of advanced lung cancer patients and the healthy individuals were counted. The immune cell subsets and the levels of IL-4, INF-γ, perforin and granzyme in CD8+T cells by the flow cytometry were measured. The proliferation activity and the inhibition ratio of immune cells to several tumor cell lines were evaluated by MTT assay. Results The absolute amounts and subsets of T, B, NK cells of advanced lung cancer patients were lower than the healthy individuals (P < 0.05); However, the proportion of regulatory T cells of advanced lung cancer patients (4.00±1.84)% was lower than the healthy individuals (1.27±0.78)% (P < 0.05). The positive rates of IFN-γ perforin, granzyme in CD8+T cells decreased while them in IL-4 did not in the advanced lung cancer patients compared to the healthy control group (P < 0.05). The proliferation activity of immune cells, the positive rate of PPD masculine and the inhibition ratio to tumor cells in the advanced lung cancer patients was lower than the healthy subsets obviously (P < 0.05). Conclusion There was a significant immune depression in the advanced lung cancer patients compared to the healthy individuals

A Sparse Representation Speech Denoising Method Based on Adapted Stopping Residue Error

A sparse representation speech denoising method based on adapted stopping residue error was presented in this paper. Firstly, the cross-correlation between the clean speech spectrum and the noise spectrum was analyzed, and an estimation method was proposed. In the denoising method, an over-complete dictionary of the clean speech power spectrum was learned with the K-singular value decomposition (K-SVD) algorithm. In the sparse representation stage, the stopping residue error was adaptively achieved according to the estimated cross-correlation and the adjusted noise spectrum, and the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) approach was applied to reconstruct the clean speech spectrum from the noisy speech. Finally, the clean speech was re-synthesised via the inverse Fourier transform with the reconstructed speech spectrum and the noisy speech phase. The experiment results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional methods in terms of subjective and objective measure

Separation and purification of the bovine milk fat globule membrane protein and its effect on improvement of C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cell proliferation

A novel method to improve the proliferation activity of C2C12 cells by the bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) protein was established in this study. The MFGM protein was extracted and isolated into 4 fractions using an electric cream separator, and purified by a cellulose DEAE-52 column. Fraction 2 accounted for 57.8% of the total MFGM protein, and was used in the following study. The MTT assay showed that it induced cell proliferation activity, increased the cell survival rate and the cell number using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy analysis. There were only subtle changes in the morphology as observed using confocal scanning laser microscopy, but the number of mitochondria was significantly increased as observed using transmission electron microscopy analysis. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of MyoD, cyclin D1, p70S6K and mTOR was up-regulated as determined utilizing the quantitative real-time PCR assay, and the activation of Akt and mTOR phosphorylation was up regulated as determined using the Western blot assay. The main protein in fraction 2, assayed by 1-D gel electrophoresis and MALDI TOF-TOF, was identified as milk fat globule-EGF factor 8, the content was 65.6% of the total protein in fraction 2. The results elucidate a new molecular mechanism of the MFGM protein fraction 2: the activation of the Akt signal pathway in promoting cell proliferation

Twenty amino acids at the C-terminus of PA-X are associated with increased influenza A virus replication and pathogenicity

The PA-X protein, arising from ribosomal frameshift during PA translation, was recently discovered in influenza A virus (IAV). The C-terminal domain ‘X’ of PA-X proteins in IAVs can be classified as full-length (61 aa) or truncated (41 aa). In the main, avian influenza viruses express full-length PA-X proteins, whilst 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza viruses harbour truncated PA proteins. The truncated form lacks aa 232–252 of the full-length PA-X protein. The significance of PA-X length in virus function remains unclear. To address this issue, we constructed a set of contemporary influenza viruses (pH1N1, avian H5N1 and H9N2) with full and truncated PA-X by reverse genetics to compare their replication and host pathogenicity. All full-length PA-X viruses in human A549 cells conferred 10- to 100-fold increase in viral replication and 5–8 % increase in apoptosis relative to corresponding truncated PA-X viruses. Full-length PA-X viruses were more virulent and caused more severe inflammatory responses in mice. Furthermore, aa 233–252 at the C terminus of PA-X strongly suppressed co-transfected gene expression by ∼50 %, suggesting that these terminal 20 aa could play a role in enhancing viral replication and contribute to virulence

The Crossing Number of Two Cartesian Products

There are several known exact results on the crossing number of Cartesian products of paths, cycles, and complete graphs. In this paper, we find the crossing numbers of Cartesian products of Pn with two special 6-vertex graphs