Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ekstrak Daun Kepel (Stelechocarpus Burahol (Bl) Hook F. & Th.) Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Dan Sifat Fisik Sediaan Krim

This research was aimed to determine the effect of concentrations of Kepel leaves\u27 (Stelechocarpus burahol (BL) Hook f. & Th.)extract to antioxidant activity and physical properties of cream. Kepel leaves\u27 extract were made by infundation method. The antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method. Cream was made in three formulas with variation concentrations of Kepel leaves\u27 extract (2,5; 5,0; 7,5%b/b) using w/o basis. Physical stability parameters tested in this research were homogenity, dispersive power, adhesion, and viscosity. Data were then analyzed statistically by ANOVA One Way and Turkey Test at 95% level of significance. The results showed that concentration of Kepel leaves\u27 extract as an active ingredient cause different color, odor, and viscosity of the cream. The concentrationdifference of Kepel Leaves\u27 extract as an active ingredient was not affected the homogenity, adhesion, and the separation ratio of the cream. The difference concentration was not cause affected daya sebar cream unless the formula II (5.0% w/w) and formula III (7.5% w/w). Increasing concentration of Kepel leaves\u27 extract caused a different antioxidant activity unless the formula II (5.0% w/w) and formula III (7.5% w/w)

The effects of salt on the physicochemical properties and immunogenicity of protein based vaccine formulated in cationic liposome

Recently, we have developed a simple and potent therapeutic cancer vaccine consisting of a cationic lipid and a peptide antigen. In this report, we expanded the utility of this formulation to a protein based vaccine. First, we formulated the human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E7 protein (E7) in different doses of DOTAP liposome. The results showed that these formulations failed to regress an established tumor. However, when sodium chloride (30 mM) was added to the DOTAP (100 nmol) / E7 (20 μg) formulation, anti-tumor activity was generated in the immunized mice. Correlatively, 30 mM NaCl in the DOTAP/E7 protein formulation increased the particle size from ∼350 to 550 nm, decreased the protein loading capacity (from 95 to 90%), and finally increased the zeta potential (from 29 mV to 38 mV). Next, a model protein antigen ovalbumin (OVA) was formulated in different doses of DOTAP liposomes. Similarly, the results showed that 20 μg OVA formulated in 200 nmol DOTAP with 30 mM NaCl had the best OVA- specific antibody response, including both IgG1 and IgG2a, suggesting both Th1 and Th2 immune responses were generated by this formulation. In conclusion, we have expanded the application of cationic DOTAP liposome formulation to protein based vaccines and also identified that small amounts of salt could change the physicochemical properties of the vaccine formulation and enhance the activity of the DOTAP/protein based vaccine. The enhancement of immune responses by salt is possibly due to its interference of the electrostatic interaction between the cationic lipid and the protein antigen to facilitate the antigen release from the carrier and at the same time activate the antigen presenting cells

Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Phosphorylation, T-Cell Factor Signaling Activation, and Cell Morphology Change following Stimulation of Thromboxane Receptor α

Previous reports showed that activation of the thromboxane receptor (TP) induced some types of cells to proliferate. We report here that TP activates -catenin/T-cell factor (Tcf)/ lymphoid enhancer factor (Lef) pathway through phosphoryla-tion of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3. TP agonist [1S-,2(Z),3(1E,3S),4]]-7-[3-[3-hydroxy-4-(4-iodophenoxy)-1-butenyl]-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-5-heptenoic acid (I-BOP) induced both and forms of GSK-3 phosphorylation in human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells stably overexpress-ing TP (HEK293-TP). N-[2-(4-Bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinoline (H89), a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, totally blocked the phosphorylation of GSK-3, whereas wortmannin, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3 kinase) inhibitor, partially attenuated it, suggesting that PKA as well as PI-3 kinase/Ak

Infusion: Preventing Customized Text-to-Image Diffusion from Overfitting

Text-to-image (T2I) customization aims to create images that embody specific visual concepts delineated in textual descriptions. However, existing works still face a main challenge, concept overfitting. To tackle this challenge, we first analyze overfitting, categorizing it into concept-agnostic overfitting, which undermines non-customized concept knowledge, and concept-specific overfitting, which is confined to customize on limited modalities, i.e, backgrounds, layouts, styles. To evaluate the overfitting degree, we further introduce two metrics, i.e, Latent Fisher divergence and Wasserstein metric to measure the distribution changes of non-customized and customized concept respectively. Drawing from the analysis, we propose Infusion, a T2I customization method that enables the learning of target concepts to avoid being constrained by limited training modalities, while preserving non-customized knowledge. Remarkably, Infusion achieves this feat with remarkable efficiency, requiring a mere 11KB of trained parameters. Extensive experiments also demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both single and multi-concept customized generation.Comment: 10 page