AN IMPROVED BLIND SOURCE SEPARATION ALGORITHM IN COMPLEX DOMAIN

Proceedings of the 2021 International Workshop on Modern Science and Technology; September 29, 2021conference pape

Identification of endogenous small peptides involved in rice immunity through transcriptomics- and proteomics-based screening

Small signalling peptides, generated from larger protein precursors, are important components to orchestrate various plant processes such as development and immune responses. However, small signalling peptides involved in plant immunity remain largely unknown. Here, we developed a pipeline using transcriptomics- and proteomics-based screening to identify putative precursors of small signalling peptides: small secreted proteins (SSPs) in rice, induced by rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and its elicitor, chitin. We identified 236 SSPs including members of two known small signalling peptide families, namely rapid alkalinization factors and phytosulfokines, as well as many other protein families that are known to be involved in immunity, such as proteinase inhibitors and pathogenesis-related protein families. We also isolated 52 unannotated SSPs and among them, we found one gene which we named immune response peptide (IRP) that appeared to encode the precursor of a small signalling peptide regulating rice immunity. In rice suspension cells, the expression of IRP was induced by bacterial peptidoglycan and fungal chitin. Overexpression of IRP enhanced the expression of a defence gene, PAL1 and induced the activation of the MAPKs in rice suspension cells. Moreover, the IRP protein level increased in suspension cell medium after chitin treatment. Collectively, we established a simple and efficient pipeline to discover SSP candidates that probably play important roles in rice immunity and identified 52 unannotated SSPs that may be useful for further elucidation of rice immunity. Our method can be applied to identify SSPs that are involved not only in immunity but also in other plant functions

A virus-targeted plant receptor-like kinase promotes cell-to-cell spread of RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) in plants can move from cell to cell, allowing for systemic spread of an antiviral immune response. How this cell-to-cell spread of silencing is regulated is currently unknown. Here, we describe that the C4 protein from Tomato yellow leaf curl virus can inhibit the intercellular spread of RNAi. Using this viral protein as a probe, we have identified the receptor-like kinase (RLK) BARELY ANY MERISTEM 1 (BAM1) as a positive regulator of the cell-to-cell movement of RNAi, and determined that BAM1 and its closest homolog, BAM2, play a redundant role in this process. C4 interacts with the intracellular domain of BAM1 and BAM2 at the plasma membrane and plasmodesmata, the cytoplasmic connections between plant cells, interfering with the function of these RLKs in the cell-to-cell spread of RNAi. Our results identify BAM1 as an element required for the cell-to-cell spread of RNAi and highlight that signaling components have been coopted to play multiple functions in plants

Laser produced electromagnetic pulses : Generation, detection and mitigation

This paper provides an up-to-date review of the problems related to the generation, detection and mitigation of strong electromagnetic pulses created in the interaction of high-power, high-energy laser pulses with different types of solid targets. It includes new experimental data obtained independently at several international laboratories. The mechanisms of electromagnetic field generation are analyzed and considered as a function of the intensity and the spectral range of emissions they produce. The major emphasis is put on the gHz frequency domain, which is the most damaging for electronics and may have important applications. The physics of electromagnetic emissions in other spectral domains, in particular THz and MHz, is also discussed. The theoretical models and numerical simulations are compared with the results of experimental measurements, with special attention to the methodology of measurements and complementary diagnostics. Understanding the underlying physical processes is the basis for developing techniques to mitigate the electromagnetic threat and to harness electromagnetic emissions, which may have promising applications

Demonstration of laser-produced neutron diagnostic by radiative capture gamma-rays

We report a new scenario of time-of-flight (TOF) technique in which fast neutrons and delayed gamma-ray signals were both recorded in a millisecond time window in harsh environments induced by high-intensity lasers. The delayed gamma signals, arriving far later than the original fast neutron and often being ignored previously, were identified to be the results of radiative captures of thermalized neutrons. The linear correlation between gamma photon number and the fast neutron yield shows that these delayed gamma events can be employed for neutron diagnosis. This method can reduce the detecting efficiency dropping problem caused by prompt high-flux gamma radiation, and provides a new way for neutron diagnosing in high-intensity laser-target interaction experiments

Mesoporous MnOx–CeO₂ composites for NH₃-SCR: the effect of preparation methods and a third dopant

In this study, an optimal oxalate route was used to obtain nickel/cobalt doped MnOx–CeO2 mixed oxides. Nickel doped MnOx–CeO2 showed excellent NH3-SCR activity and H2O + SO2 resistance.</p

Promotion of transition metal oxides on the NH3-SCR performance of ZrO2-CeO2 catalyst

Chromium oxide and manganese oxide promoted ZrO2-CeO2 catalysts were prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3. A series of characterization including X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, H-2 temperature-programmed reduction (H-2-TPR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to evaluate the influence of the physicochemical properties on NH3-SCR activity. Cr-Zr-Ce and Mn-Zr-Ce catalysts are much more active than ZrO2-CeO2 binary oxide for the low temperature NH3-SCR, mainly because of the high specific surface area, more surface oxygen species, improved reducibility derived from synergistic effect among different elements. Mn-Zr-Ce catalyst exhibited high tolerance to SO2 and H2O. Cr-Zr-Ce mixed oxide exhibited&gt; 80% NOx conversion at a wide temperature window of 100 degrees C-300 degrees C. In situ DRIFT studies showed that the addition of Cr is beneficial to the formation of Bronsted acid sites and prevents the formation of stable nitrate species because of the presence of Cr6+. The present mixed oxide can be a candidate for the low temperature abatement of NOx. (C) Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017</p

Promotion of transition metal oxides on the NH_3-SCR performance of ZrO_2-CeO_2 catalyst

Chromium oxide and manganese oxide promoted ZrO_2-CeO_2 catalysts were prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method for the selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with NH_3. A series of characterization including X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM),Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis,H_2 temperature-programmed reduction (H_2-TPR),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to evaluate the influence of the physicochemical properties on NH_3-SCR activity. Cr-Zr-Ce and Mn-Zr-Ce catalysts are much more active than ZrO_2-CeO_2 binary oxide for the low temperature NH_3-SCR, mainly because of the high specific surface area, more surface oxygen species,improved reducibility derived from synergistic effect among different elements. Mn-Zr-Ce catalyst exhibited high tolerance to SO_2 and H_2O. Cr-Zr-Ce mixed oxide exhibited >80% NO_x conversion at a wide temperature window of 100°C-300°C. In situ DRIFT studies showed that the addition of Cr is beneficial to the formation of Bronsted acid sites and prevents the formation of stable nitrate species because of the presence of Cr~(6+). The present mixed oxide can be a candidate for the low temperature abatement of NO_x

Fabrication of MnOx-CeO2-Based Catalytic Filters and Their Application in Low-Temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3

Catalytic filters (CFs) were fabricated by coating manganese and ceria oxides on mullite filters with a high porosity and a relatively low pressure drop and were used in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3 (NH3-SCR). The influences of Mn/Ce ratios and loading weights were investigated. The CF with a Mn/Ce molar ratio of 6/4 can achieve >90% NO conversion in the temperature range of 120-250 degrees C, owing to abundant surface oxygen species, Ce3+, and Mn4+ on it. NO conversion in the temperature range of 120-250 degrees C increased when the loading weight increased from 1.05 to 4.18%; however, when the loading weight was further increased, the catalytic activity remained unchanged. A possible growth mechanism of catalyst particles on mullite filters was proposed: the active species tended to disperse finely when the loading weight was lower than similar to 4.00%; however, when the loading weight was more than 4.00%, the particles tended to grow at the conjunction of fibers, leading to a considerable pressure drop increase. The CFs showed a dust removal ability of more than 99% in a pilot experiment, which may provide a chance for the coprocessing of dust and NOx in practical use