Mosaic loss of chromosome Y, tobacco smoking, and risk of age-related lung diseases: insights from two prospective cohorts

Background Little is known about the underlying relationship between mosaic loss of chromosome Y (mLOY), the most common chromosomal alterations in older men, and the risk of age-related lung diseases. Methods We included 217 780 participants from the UK Biobank (UKB) and 42 859 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank. The mLOY events were detected using the Mosaic Chromosomal Alterations (MoChA) pipeline. Outcomes included all lung diseases, COPD, lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of mLOY with lung diseases in both cohorts. The combined hazard ratios were derived from meta-analysis. Results Results from the two cohorts showed that expanded mLOY was associated with increased risks of all lung diseases (HR 1.19 (95% CI 1.04–1.36)), COPD (HR 1.20 (95% CI 1.13–1.28)), lung cancer (HR 1.34 (95% CI 1.21–1.48)) and IPF (HR 1.34 (95% CI 1.16–1.56) in the UKB). There was evidence of positive interactions between mLOY and smoking behaviour (relative excess risk due to interaction (97.5% CI) >0). Additionally, we observed that current smokers with expanded mLOY had the highest risk of incident lung diseases in both cohorts. Conclusions mLOY may be a novel predictor for age-related lung diseases. For current smokers carrying mLOY, adopting quitting smoking behaviour may contribute to substantially reducing their risk of incident lung diseases

Investigating Fireside Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism of Low-Alloy Water Wall Tube of Ultra-Supercritical Power Plant

The corrosion thinning behavior and mechanism of low-alloy water wall tubes of an ultra-supercritical power plant was investigated via SEM, EPMA, XRD, TEM, and laboratory simulation experiments. Fireside corrosion was first initiated by chemical potential- and concentration-governed transportation and diffusion, sequentially facilitated by sensitization, which was observed by TEM in terms of the carbide matrix precipitation on the grain boundary, and finally accelerated by the kinetic controlled growth, leading to the final thinning behavior. Laboratory experiments revealed that the reduced atmosphere corrosion kinetic simulation followed the linear law, as well as a different corrosion scale structure layer, compared to the furnace corrosion sample; the reduced atmosphere condition in the laboratory experiment inhibited the oxidation process and layer growth. The frequent shift between the oxidizing and reducing properties of the atmosphere around the water wall tubes during boiler operation may contribute to the delaminated oxidation layer

Structure of BAI1/ELMO2 complex reveals an action mechanism of adhesion GPCRs via ELMO family scaffolds

Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (BAI) is an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor that acts through the ELMO/DOCK/Rac signaling pathway. Here the authors provide molecular insights into BAI/ELMO interactions by solving the crystal structure of the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of BAI bound to the RAE tandem domains of ELMO2

A Microfluidic Device for Tobacco Ringspot Virus Detection by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Aiming at the problem of how to achieve the rapid detection of pathogenic microorganisms, this paper takes tobacco ringspot virus as the detection object, designs the impedance detection and analysis platform of tobacco ringspot virus based on microfluidic impedance method, establishes an equivalent circuit model to analyze the experimental results, and determines the optimal detection frequency of tobacco ringspot virus detection. Based on this frequency, an impedance–concentration regression model was established for the detection of tobacco ringspot virus in a tobacco ringspot virus detection device. Based on this model, a tobacco ringspot virus detection device was designed by using an AD5933 impedance detection chip. A comprehensive test study was carried out on the developed tobacco ringspot virus detection device through various testing methods, which verified the feasibility of the tobacco ringspot virus detection device and provided technical support for the field detection of pathogenic microorganisms

Identification of Potential WSB1 Inhibitors by AlphaFold Modeling, Virtual Screening, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies

WD40 repeat and SOCS box containing 1 (WSB1) consists of seven WD40 repeat structural domains at the N-terminal end and one SOCS box structural domain at the C-terminal end. WSB1 promotes cancer progression by affecting the Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) and upregulating hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) target gene expression. However, the crystal structure of WSB1 has not been reported, which is not beneficial to the research on WSB1 inhibitors. Therefore, we focused on specific small molecule inhibitors of WSB1. This study applied virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations; finally, 20 compounds were obtained. Among them, compound G490-0341 showed the best stable structure and was a promising composite for further development of WSB1 inhibitors.</jats:p

BDS RTK High-precision Positioning Algorithm for Deformation Solution

Abstract In view of the increasing scope, scale and quantity of landslide, debris flow and other geological disasters and without achieving long-term stable high-precision monitoring in the exist, a solution algorithm on RTK high-precision differential positioning deformation is presented in this paper. The algorithm uses high-precision board receiver as the satellite positioning reference station, the u-blox receiver as the monitoring station. The carrier phase double difference relative positioning model is based on the carrier phase observation and pseudo range observation, combined with the RTK unscented Kalman filter model and smooth filtering algorithm, and then more accurate position results are obtained. This method can be used to calculate the position of deformation monitoring body with high precision, which is simple, easy to realize and practical. The positioning accuracy of deformation monitoring is higher. After smoothing, the horizontal precision can reach 3mm, and the elevation precision can reach 5mm.</jats:p

Synthesis Warning Algorithm of Landslide Deformation

Abstract Landslide is one of the most harmful geological disasters in the world. In order to effectively warn the landslide, Kalman filter is used to smooth the real-time Kinematic (RTK) positioning information of each monitoring point, remove outliers, improve monitoring accuracy, and extract information such as effective displacement. The attitude computation algorithm is used to solve the real-time attitude of the monitoring target, and the attitude prediction is realized which based on the deformation prediction information. Use the extended Kalman filter to realize the fusion of displacement deformation, velocity and acceleration data at multiple sites in the monitoring network, and to achieve the optimal estimation of comprehensive displacement. Use the MGM (1,1) gray model algorithm to realize the deformation displacement prediction. Use the comprehensive information amount to judge the landslide deformation grade. The early-warning algorithm is simple, easy to implement and practical, and can meet the actual requirements of landslide deformation early-warning.</jats:p