Viewboard Effectiveness on Raharja Internet Cafe Website as Sales Information Submission Media

Information is a key to success in communicating. Communication will not be possible without information. But if the information we convey is wrong it will cause a problem. At Raharja University there is a facility that provides needs services to students such as searching for material, printing, scans, and binding documents, there are also accessories and service places if there are students who have problems with the equipment given for study, Raharja Internet Cafe. Raharja Internet Cafe has a website to be used by students who want to order their needs. However, the admin who maintains Raharja Internet Cafe cannot monitor what products or goods are the best-selling or the most sold because they are not well monitored. With no monitoring of the admin sales process or the guard cannot report the goods to the University, or the conventional data recording process. These problems are certainly considered ineffective because Raharja University is engaged in technology in each of its lecture activities. Creating a viewboard on the Raharja Internet Cafe website as a medium for delivering sales information is the solution. The method that I use is a method of data collection namely observation and literature study and a qualitative approach. The results of this study are that the presence of a viewboard on the Raharja Internet Cafe website can facilitate the admin or guard of Raharja Internet Cafe to make a report to the Raharja University

Acidic oxidation of kraft lignin into aromatic monomers catalyzed by transition metal salts

As one of the three main components in woody biomass, lignin is an abundant but underused renewable raw material and carbon source. Owing to its aromatic structure and large availability as a by-product of pulping, its conversion into chemicals is highly attractive. In the present work, the oxidation of a softwood kraft lignin in acidic media was investigated in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst. The objective was to find a cheap but efficient catalyst for the depolymerization of kraft lignin into aromatic monomers. Different transition metal salts were screened and compared to phosphomolybdic acid, which was investigated in previous studies, and to experiments in sulfuric acid without additional catalyst. Vanillin and methyl vanillate were the main monomeric products detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry but their formation was only slightly increased by using transition metal salts (up to 6.28 wt% yield). However, the presence of iron or copper chloride resulted in fast formation kinetics and significant amounts of other monomeric products. In addition, an efficient fragmentation of the lignin molecule from a weight-average molecular weight of 3500g mol-1 down to 500g mol-1 was observed by size-exclusion chromatography. The enhanced incorporation of oxygen into the reaction products in the presence of those catalysts was proven by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the influence of the catalyst concentration was studie

Teacher Education and Study Abroad: A Review of Literature for Program Development

Designing study abroad programs, particularly those involving international field experiences for preservice teacher education students, can be daunting with much of the research focusing on learning outcomes. This review of literature on considerations for program design will provide the road map for the development of a successful international partnership for teacher preparation

ONBound-Harmonization User Guide (Stata/SPSS), Version 1.1

This document provides information on how to work with the data of the 'ONBound - Old and New Boundaries: National Identities and Religion' project. It outlines the project's starting point, the data harmonization procedures, the harmonization repository, the ONBound Harmonization Wizard, and most importantly, guides through the steps and procedures needed to compile a customized ONBound dataset. Chapter One of this user guide informs about citations for ONBound data and metadata. Chapter Two gives an overview of the available variables and the original datasets that were included. It also introduces our harmonization strategies. Chapter Three introduces the ONBound Harmonization Wizard. Finally, chapter four provides a step-by-step guide for the application of the ONBound harmonization routines