2,002 research outputs found

    Environmental assessment for the Satellite Power System (SPS): Studies of honey bees exposed to 2.45 GHz continuous wave electromagnetic energy

    Get PDF
    Post treatment brood development was normal and teratological effects were not detected at exposures of 3 to 50 mw sq cm for 30 minutes. Post treatment survival, longevity, orientation, navigation, and memory of adult bees were also normal after exposures of 3 to 50 mw sq cm for 30 minutes. Post treatment longevity of confined bees in the laboratory was normal after exposures of 3 to 50 mw sq cm for 24 hours. Thermoregulation of brood nest, foraging activity, brood rearing, and social interaction were not affected by chronic exposure to 1 mw sq cm during 28 days. In dynamic behavioral bioassays the frequency of entry and duration of activity of unrestrained, foraging adult bees was identical in microwave exposed areas versus control areas

    Prácticas contables en cooperativas rurales

    Get PDF
    A rural co-op in the north of Sweden has grown from a tiny development-group to a small business venture with houses, a shop and an old-age home. This progress is here described focusing the accounting practice. Field-studies, including participatory methods and interviews, depicts a co-op torn between their founding ideas on shaping a good life in the area, and an increasing focus on business. This tension is also reflected in their usage of accounting. The conclusion of the study is that identity and accounting are shown to be mutually interlinked. It is further argued, drawing on ethnomethodological concepts, that the main asset in the development, community based on trust, can not be mirrored in the formal accounts. The alternative is approaches more akin to narratives, something that has implications also for the perception of ideas encircling Social Accounting.Rural co-ops, Accoounting Practice, Sweden.

    Characterization of MHC class I in a long distance migratory wader, the Icelandic black-tailed godwit

    Get PDF
    The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encodes proteins that are central for antigen presentation and pathogen elimination. MHC class I (MHC-I) genes have attracted a great deal of interest among researchers in ecology and evolution and have been partly characterized in a wide range of bird species. So far, the main focus has been on species within the bird orders Galliformes and Passeriformes, while Charadriiformes remain vastly underrepresented with only two species studied to date. These two Charadriiformes species exhibit striking differences in MHC-I characteristics and MHC-I diversity. We therefore set out to study a third species within Charadriiformes, the Icelandic subspecies of black-tailed godwits (Limosa limosa islandica). This subspecies is normally confined to parasite-poor environments, and we hence expected low MHC diversity. MHC-I was partially characterized first using Sanger sequencing and then using high-throughput sequencing (MiSeq) in 84 individuals. We verified 47 nucleotide alleles in open reading frame with classical MHC-I characteristics, and each individual godwit had two to seven putatively classical MHC alleles. However, in contrast to previous MHC-I data within Charadriiformes, we did not find any evidence of alleles with low sequence diversity, believed to represent non-classical MHC genes. The diversity and divergence of the godwits MHC-I genes to a large extent fell between the previous estimates within Charadriiformes. However, the MHC genes of the migratory godwits had few sites subject to positive selection, and one possible explanation could be a low exposure to pathogens.Financial support to SP was provided by PhD grant SFRH/BD/84629/2012 from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT); to JAA by FCT grant SFRH/BPD/91527/2012. This study benefited from funding by RANNIS - Icelandic Research Council (130412-051), the strategic project (UID/MAR/04292/2013) granted to MARE and H. Westerdahl financed through Swedish Research Council (621-2011-3674 and 2015-05149) and provided the laboratory facilities for molecular analysis.Peer Reviewe

    Heterogeneity of passenger exposure to air pollutants in public transport microenvironments

    Get PDF
    Epidemiologic studies have linked human exposure to pollutants with adverse health effects. Passenger exposure in public transport systems contributes an important fraction of daily burden of air pollutants. While there is extensive literature reporting the concentrations of pollutants in public transport systems in different cities, there are few studies systematically addressing the heterogeneity of passenger exposure in different transit microenvironments, in cabins of different transit vehicles and in areas with different characteristics. The present study investigated PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters smaller than 2.5μm), black carbon (BC), ultrafine particles (UFP) and carbon monoxide (CO) pollutant concentrations in various public road transport systems in highly urbanized city of Hong Kong. Using a trolley case housing numerous portable air monitors, we conducted a total of 119 trips during the campaign. Transit microenvironments, classified as 1). busy and secondary roadside bus stops; 2). open and enclosed termini; 3). above- and under-ground Motor Rail Transport (MTR) platforms, were investigated and compared to identify the factors that may affect passenger exposures. The pollutants inside bus and MTR cabins were also investigated together with a comparison of time integrated exposure between the transit modes. Busy roadside and enclosed termini demonstrated the highest average particle concentrations while the lowest was found on the MTR platforms. Traffic-related pollutants BC, UFP and CO showed larger variations than PM2.5 across different microenvironments and areas confirming their heterogeneity in urban environments. In-cabin pollutant concentrations showed distinct patterns with BC and UFP high in diesel bus cabins and CO high in LPG bus cabins, suggesting possible self-pollution issues and/or penetration of on-road pollutants inside cabins during bus transit. The total passenger exposure along selected routes, showed bus trips had the potential for higher integrated passenger exposure compared to MTR trips. The present study may provide useful information to better characterize the distribution of passenger exposure pattern in health assessment studies and the results also highlight the need to formulate exposure reduction based air policies in large cities. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.postprin

    Shipyards and boatbuilding sites: features of the maritime cultural landscapes of the north

    Full text link

    Contrasts in action: maritime taboos as a social factor; an ethnoarchaeological contribution to the study of maritime cultures

    Full text link
    Frühneuzeitliche Quellen bieten viele Hinweise auf maritim-kulturelle Traditionen und Bräuche und die rituelle Behandlung von Ortsnamen durch nordische Fischer und Seefahrer. Während die Ausübung dieser Bräuche einerseits sehr stark mit den menschlichen Sinnen verbunden war, die sich den Quellen entziehen, fand sie andererseits Ausdruck im erfindungsreichen Gebrauch tradierter Wörter, Namen, von Sprache und Metaphern. Dieser Beitrag beginnt mit der bisher ersten englischen Zusammenfassung und Kommentierung der Arbeit des Volkskundlers Svale Solheim, der die in der Fischerei und Schifffahrt des nordischen und baltisch-skandinavischen Raums gebräuchlichen Tabus erforschte. Anschließend wendet sich der Verfasser Solheims Vorgängern und anderen Wissenschaftlern, vor allem Linguisten, zu. Die Perspektive wird durch eine ebenfalls kommentierte Zusammenfassung einer Arbeit des Schifffahrtsethnologen Henning Henningsen erweitert, die den internationalen Brauch der Seefahrertaufe in den Blick nimmt. Ziel ist eine neue Perspektive auf die Vorgeschichte. Der wichtigste Aspekt ist die eigentliche geographische Lage der zentralen vorgeschichtlichen Denkmäler entlang der damaligen Ufer Skandinaviens und des Baltikums: Steinritzungen aus mehreren Zeitaltern - Mittelstein- bis Früheisenzeit -, Gräber der Bronze- und Eisenzeit und schließlich küstennahe Steinlabyrinthe des Mittelalters und jüngeren Ursprungs. Geographisch scheinen diese vorgeschichtliche Verteilung und das später dokumentierte ethnologische und namenkundliche Material auf beeindruckende Weise übereinzustimmen. Aufgrund der Tatsache, dass die materiellen Überreste, auf die Bezug genommen wird, fast ausschließlich aus exakt demselben Gebiet kommen, dem auch die vermuteten völkerkundlichen Parallelen entstammen, scheinen Analogien in eminenter Weise möglich. Beide bringen eine gewisse Gegensätzlichkeit bzw. Dualität zwischen See (Wasser) und Land zum Aus-druck. Den Übergangsbereich, das Ufer, betrachtete man als ambivalenten Schwellenbereich, in dem allerhand Verwandlungen stattfanden. Diese Grundannahme gibt Anlass zu weiteren Überlegungen - etwa zur Deutung der wichtigsten Figuren der Steinritzungen oder zur Rolle dessen, was ich Schwellenvermittler nenne, d.h. eine Verkörperung eines der beiden Elemente bzw. einer der beiden Welten, z.B. des männlichen oder weiblichen, des Schiffs, der großen Land-, Wasser- und später auch der Haustiere. Ver-wandtes Verhalten religiöser oder magischer Art wurde vermutlich durch die sich verändernden gesellschaftlichen Bedingungen der Fischer und Jäger seit der Mittelsteinzeit geprägt, jedoch stets auf der Grundlage der widerstreitenden Gegensätze von See (Wasser) und Land. Der Gesamtkomplex bildet daher einen kognitiven, sensorischen, teils sogar unbewussten Aspekt der maritimen Kulturlandschaft, der in unterschiedlichen Ritualen zum Ausdruck kam. Ob aus strukturalistischem oder anderem Blickwinkel wurden die verschiedenen Thesen unabhängig voneinander aus den Quellenmaterialien abgeleitet. Dieser Beitrag soll die enorme Vielfalt der Erscheinungsformen dieser Dualität in der Folklore vor allem im skandinavischen Kontext aufzeigen. Ein solches Unterfangen wurde bisher noch nicht gewagt. Der vorliegende Artikel gewährt zudem Einblicke in die vorgeschichtlichen Ursprünge dieser Denkweise und bietet Hinweise auf mögliche Ausgangspunkte für die Erforschung bestimmter Aspekte der Vorgeschichte, wenn auch nur in aller Kürze, da die diesbezüglich wesentlichen Vorstellungen bereits veröffentlicht worden sind

    Amphibian transport systems in Northern Europe. A survey of medieval pattern of life

    Get PDF

    Ancient sea marks: a social history from a North European perspective

    Full text link
    corecore