\u3cem\u3eBataclanismo\u3c/em\u3e! Or, How Deco Bodies Transformed Postrevolutionary Mexico City

In the spring of 1925, Santa Anita\u27s Festival of Flowers seemed to follow its tranquil trend of previous years. The large displays of flowers, the selection of indias bonitas (as the contestants of beauty pageants organized in an attempt to stimulate indigenism were known) and the boat-rides on the Viga Canal, all communicated what residents of neighboring Mexico City had come to expect of the small pueblo in the Federal District since the Porfiriato: the respite of a peaceful pastoral, the link to a colorful past, and the promise that mexicanidad was alive and well in the campo. Unfortunately, wrote Manuel Rámirez Cárdenas of El Globo, the modern newspaper, the next day, this idyllic tradition was rudely interrupted by a group of audacious, scantily clad women. The culprits were actresses of Mexico City\u27s Lírico theater, who walked around Santa Anita\u27s streets in picaresque clothing —stage outfits that left little to the imagination, particularly in broad daylight—and upset visitors and campesinos alike. According to Cárdenas, abuelitas and mamás were shocked by the display, averting their eyes from the female spectacle in fear of el pecado mortal. Thankfully, for the mothers and grandmothers in the audience, the festival continued in predictable fashion after the initial uproar. Organizers continued with the traditional dances, and judges selected an india bonita from a pool of young, decente mestizo girls to represent the pueblo and the festival. Unbeknownst to the residents of rural Santa Anita, the daring actresses of El Lírico were part of a new phenomenon that had swept through Mexico City like wildfire, turned the entertainment world upside down, and pushed many to reconsider what constituted female beauty, decency, and lo mexicano. A few months earlier, on February 12th, a grand variety spectacle named Voilá Paris: La Ba-ta-clán premiered in Teatro Iris and instantly sent shock waves throughout the Mexican entertainment world and the larger metropolis. The show featured seminude and nude French actresses, who performed dances and acts that appeared to be a mix of classical ballet, Ziegfeld Follies chorus lines, and tableaux vivants. Within weeks, Mexican copycat productions capitalized on the enormous success of the show, triggering a new entertainment phenomenon named after the original production: Bataclanismo. It also launched a new kind of female star, the bataclana, who came to represent the erotic, and more dangerous, attributes of the flapper for Mexican audiences, and whose body became the site of contested and divergent notions of modernity. In this article, I explore bataclanismo as a normative discourse that reached far beyond the theater into the practice of everyday life. I do so to gauge the transition of changing ideals of femininity in Mexico from 1925 to 1935, and the influence these changes had on the development of urban space. Drawing on Elizabeth Grosz\u27 and Doreen Massey\u27s insights that place and gender are mutually constitutive, this article examines the articulation between the embodied city and changing gender norms in the wake of both the Mexican revolution and the advent of twentieth-century global capital. Analyzing these relationships from Judith Butler\u27s perspective of gender performance, especially as read through bodies, I argue that a new transnational aesthetic of feminine embodiment celebrated in bataclanismo influenced a distinct urban modernity and sociability in Mexico City. This new ideal female physique that stressed length, height, and androgyny—what I term a Deco body—helped to reconfigure Mexico City in terms of gender, space and race. It ushered in new gender ideals, helped visualize urban modernity, and bridged the gap between two divergent discourses that accompanied revolutionary reform, indigenismo and mestizaje, paving the way for a mestizo modernity

Rheumatoid arthritis is getting less frequent—results of a nationwide population-based cohort study

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine changes in incidence and prevalence of RA between 1990 and 2014, and to explore if there is any geographic variation in incidence and prevalence of RA in the UK Methods: Design Prospective cohort study Setting Primary care Participants People contributing acceptable data to Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) between 01/01/1990 and 31/12/2014 were included. Read codes were used to identify RA cases ≥18 years in age. Outcomes Prevalence and incidence rates for each year standardised to the 2014 population. Region specific incidence and prevalence of RA for the year 2014 standardized to the overall population. Results: The incidence and prevalence of RA was 3.81 per 10,000 person-years and 0.67% respectively in 2014. The annual incidence of RA reduced by -1.6%(-0.8% to - 2.5%) between 1990 and 2014, with significant joinpoints at 1994 and 2002. The prevalence of RA increased by 3.7%(3.2% to 4.1%)/year from 1990 to 2005; and reduced by -1.1%(-2.0% to -0.2%)/year between 2005 and 2014. There were significant differences in the occurrence of RA throughout different regions of the UK, with highest incidence in East Midlands, Yorkshire and Humber; and highest prevalence in North East, and Yorkshire and Humber. Conclusion: The incidence of RA is decreasing, with a reduction in prevalence in recent years. There is significant geographic variation in occurrence of RA in UK. Further research is required to identify the reasons underlying this phenomenon so that public-health interventions can be designed to further reduce the incidence of RA

Who\u27s Allowed to Ride the Short Bus? Un-Defining Disability

This article uses personal testimony as a vehicle for deconstructing the theory and literature of disability studies. The definition of disability is traced from the term\u27s origins to its present-day representations in popular culture, and I end with a look toward the future of the subject in academic settings and in society at large. The fictional character of Artie Abrams is considered alongside the real-life figure of Oscar Pistorius in an attempt to analyze the dangers and motives behind stereotypes surrounding the disabled character. Throughout the article, anecdotal excerpts are included to emphasize the importance of the personal perspective in better understanding the disabled experience. The ultimate goal is to turn the disabled figure from object into subject by un-defining what it means to be disabled

Who\u27s Allowed to Ride the Short Bus?: Un-Defining Disability

However easy it may be to do, criminalizing - or less maliciously, categorizing - disability does not make it easier to accommodate. Clumping people with special needs together does not meet those needs any more efficiently and labeling those needs as special is vague and ineffective. The disabled aren\u27t pegged into their roles for practical reasons, but because of inherited stigmas that are continuously encouraged by institutional policies, popular culture, and art. My thesis is in part an attempt to uncover and articulate a personal and social history of disability. In it I try to puzzle out how misconceptions regarding disability are formed, and I question how these can be transfigured. The movement to embrace Disability Studies (DS) is already well underway. It can be (and has been) appropriated for academics to study and teach, but I worry that it lacks personal experience and opinion. In this sense, I\u27m concerned about the future of the field. A brief point about the methodology that I follow in my thesis should be addressed: as my opening anecdote illustrates, this essay will not only call for more personal experience, but offer some as well. While I feel it is critical for myself and for those who are interested in the field to read and incorporate the theoretical interpretations of disability, I insist that disability studies (or any engagement with disability) be embedded in pragmatism, readability, and artistry. After all, disability - the signifier, and not the sign - is a human condition, whether it is constructed or not. If we expect society to actively approach disability, the literature that engages it or is invested in it and represents it as human experience must be relatable and above all else, teachable

Understanding Supply Chain Resiliency: Identification Of The Factors Contributing To Performance

Businesses view supply chain operations as critical components to customer satisfaction, market competitiveness, and profitability. Over the last decade, these operations have been exposed to ever increasing levels of disruption risk from sources such as cultural differences, geography, managerial actions, shifting market demand and supply, and technological changes. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the types and management of risks within the supply chains of large US base companies in the apparel, footwear, nutritional supplement and supply chain services sectors operating on a global basis. We intend to compare relevant frameworks within extant literature and data obtained during semi-structured interviews with senior level practitioners from those industries to confirm the existence of these risks or identify new risks. This study will also investigate mitigation strategies used by practitioners for dealing with risks, and how these strategies are gauged in terms of effectiveness in maintaining normal supply chain operations contributing to business performance. We present two important areas for future research in the supply chain context: teamwork and sustainability

Composting feasibility for Ball State University

Although food waste might seem like a large scale problem, if we educate ourselves on the causes and solutions, we can begin to take small, localized steps in order to mitigate the effects. This report contains research on the scope of food waste, composting and its uses, university case studies, and the feasibility of a Ball State post-consumer composting program in the campus dining halls. It is my hope that this report inspire the university and its students to take action and implement such a program as detailed in this report.Thesis (B.?.)Honors Colleg

Multinuclear Solid-State Magnetic Resonance as a Sensitive Probe of Structural Changes upon the Occurrence of Halogen Bonding in Co-crystals

Although the understanding of intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, is relatively well-developed, many additional weak interactions work both in tandem and competitively to stabilize a given crystal structure. Due to a wide array of potential applications, a substantial effort has been invested in understanding the halogen bond. Here, we explore the utility of multinuclear (13C, 14/15N, 19F, and 127I) solid-state magnetic resonance experiments in characterizing the electronic and structural changes which take place upon the formation of five halogen-bonded co-crystalline product materials. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) structures of three novel co-crystals which exhibit a 1:1 stoichiometry between decamethonium diiodide (i.e., [(CH3)3N+(CH 2)10N+(CH3)3][2 I -]) and different para-dihalogen-substituted benzene moieties (i.e., p-C6X2Y4, X=Br, I; Y=H, F) are presented. 13C and 15N NMR experiments carried out on these and related systems validate sample purity, but also serve as indirect probes of the formation of a halogen bond in the co-crystal complexes in the solid state. Long-range changes in the electronic environment, which manifest through changes in the electric field gradient (EFG) tensor, are quantitatively measured using 14N NMR spectroscopy, with a systematic decrease in the 14N quadrupolar coupling constant (CQ) observed upon halogen bond formation. Attempts at 127I solid-state NMR spectroscopy experiments are presented and variable-temperature 19F NMR experiments are used to distinguish between dynamic and static disorder in selected product materials, which could not be conclusively established using solely XRD. Quantum chemical calculations using the gauge-including projector augmented-wave (GIPAW) or relativistic zeroth-order regular approximation (ZORA) density functional theory (DFT) approaches complement the experimental NMR measurements and provide theoretical corroboration for the changes in NMR parameters observed upon the formation of a halogen bond

Myth y la magia: Magical Realism and the Modernism of Latin America

The similarities between Latin American magical realism and European surrealism have long been regarded as part of a shared, cohesive movement in literature and art. After all, they share certain nonsensical and fantastical traits that place both movements far away from the Realism that modernism, as a whole, refutes. But in light of postcolonial theory, it becomes more and more necessary to explore magical realism as a geographically and politically situated movement with its own unique value in discussions of Modernism; not an offshoot of surrealism, but a sister genre, born in the distinct atmosphere of a region trying to self-identify in the face of postcolonial modernization. By exploring the conventions of the genre through some of its foundational texts—A Universal History of Infamy, The Kingdom of this World, and particularly, Men of Maize—we can then reinsert magical realism into a larger discussion about modernism in order to enrich and complicate what its global iterations mean outside of Europe. After a quick historical background regarding the origins of magical realism, first as a regional genre and then as a field of academic study, the thesis will engage with a close reading of some of the mythological elements of Miguel Angel Asturias’ Men of Maize. The novel will be read in light of mythmaking, postcolonial theory, and theory regarding both genre and novel conventions. The claim in the end is that Men of Maize showcases a Latin American encounter with modernism and modernity that results in a fractured identity, which Asturias ultimately attempts to heal through myth and magical realism