Immunohistochemical expression of fibronectin and C5b-9 in the myocardium in cases of fatal ethanol intoxication

Data from the literature indicate that the pulmonary pressure rises in cases of ethanol intake. We have recently proposed a method for the detection of prevalent right ventricular damage in cases of fatal pulmonary thromboembolism and pulmonary fat embolism. In the present study, we compared the expression of the antibodies against fibronectin and C5b-9 in 19 cases of lethal alcohol intoxications (study group: 5 females, 14 males, mean age 46years, mean blood ethanol concentration 3.5‰, min. 2.11‰, max. 5.31‰) to a group of 26 cases of fatal pulmonary thromboembolism (PE; group 2: 16 females, 10 males, mean age 56years). Moreover, a group of 15 cases of hanging (group 3: 5 females, 10 males, mean age 50years) as well as a group of 18 cases of myocardial infarction (group 4: 5 females, 13 males, mean age 61years) were investigated as examples of typical cardiac damage due to global hypoxia during agony and ischemic damage, respectively. The results of this study show that fresh cardiac damage can be detected at both ventricles in cases of fatal ethanol intoxication with the antibody against fibronectin. The damage is prevalently localised at the right ventricle (RV), as already observed in cases of acute pulmonary hypertension determining right heart failure. The degree of damage at the RV in cases of ethanol intoxications is lower than the one observed in cases of fatal P

An Evaluation of the Bighorn Sheep Population in Badlands National Park

Within the last century, bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in the badlands ecosystem of western South Dakota have been subjected to complete extirpation, reintroduction, disease die-offs, genetic bottlenecking, and population augmentation. Subsequently, the population in Badlands National Park (BNP) appears to have recovered, but it was unknown to what degree past events had influenced the population. From 2017-2019, we conducted research on 5 subherds within 2 management units in BNP to 1) survey for the presence of respiratory pathogens and estimate the prevalence of other potentially infectious diseases; 2) assess adult and lamb survival and cause-specific mortality; 3) estimate population size and growth; 4) evaluate the risk of disease exposure from domestic livestock operations within 8 km of the North Unit of BNP; and 5) evaluate genetic variation and population structuring and differentiation. We sampled (n = 83) individuals for the presence of respiratory pathogens including Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (Movi). Movi results were PCR negative and serology positive (18% prevalence). Bacteriology results indicated additional respiratory pathogens (e.g., Bibersteinia trehalosi, Pasteurella species, Mannheimia species, Trueperella pyogenes) were present within the population. We radio-collared 49 adults and 53 lambs to monitor survival and cause-specific mortality. Overall adult and lamb survival was 96% (95% credible interval [CI] = 89%, 99%) and 82% (CI = 65%, 92%), respectively, with predation accounting for 56% of lamb mortalities. We documented 5 domestic sheep and goat operations within 8 km of the North Unit of BNP. Two goat operations were sampled for respiratory pathogens, one of which testing PCR positive for Movi (77% prevalence). We estimated population growth of = 1.17 in 2016-2017 and = 1.22 in 2017-2018 with a minimum population size count of 233 in 2018. Genetic analysis was conducted at 15 microsatellite loci from 75 individual samples. Overall genetic variation for the BNP population was consistent with other native and translocated populations of bighorn sheep across their range. We found averages of 5.80 and 0.65 for allelic diversity and heterozygosity levels, respectively. We identified three genetically distinct clusters recognized as the three source herds used to establish and supplement the BNP population between 1967 and 2014. Disease and genetic variation were not impacting the growth and survival of the BNP population. As the population continues to have high survival and growth, disease exposure from contact with domestic livestock operations appears to be the greatest risk to the population in the future

Reading and Writing Reciprocity: The Teacher’s Answer to Fostering Accelerated Learning for Striving Students in Small Group Reading Intervention

Wieseler Nowatzki, L. (2020). Writing: The striving student’s answer to accelerated learning in small group reading intervention. Reading and writing are reciprocal processes critical to core instruction. Oftentimes students who need additional support outside of the regular classroom receive reading services in small groups facilitated by experts, such as interventionists or specialists. Too often the link between reading and writing is broken or lost and the emphasis is placed solely on reading. Due to the disconnect of the two core practices not being taught together, much learning is lost. Influential names in the literacy world such as Fountas and Pinnell (1996, 2001, 2009, 2013, 2017a, 2017b, Clay (1975, 1991a, 1991b, 2001, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2016), Richardson and Lewis (2018), Allington (2013), and Serravallo (2015, 2017) (to name a few) help define and model what effective reading intervention should entail to foster acceleration for students who are struggling in reading and writing. Research has shown that accelerated reading is possible through one-to-one instruction in Reading Recovery. Through the years as a reading interventionist, I have had the desire to search for an efficient structure for small group reading interventions that effectively weaves reading and writing together to promote acceleration in literacy. Reading and writing are closely related as they are both problem-solving activities. Reading is about receiving a message and writing is about message sending, therefore learning to read contributes to learning to write, and vice versa (Clay, 2001). The Capstone project was my desire to learn how to implement a reading intervention to accelerate striving students’ ability to read. The capstone informed my question: within the structure of small group interventions, how can integrating Reading Recovery’s writing/cut-up sentence component foster accelerated learning for striving students? To acquire the desired results, I have created a resource that marries the writing/cut-up sentence component of Reading Recovery to the lesson structure of small group intervention. The creation and implementation of this resource for teachers of literacy will provide the most effective small group intervention instruction, which will foster accelerated learning for our striving students

Reporting of Adverse Events in Published and Unpublished Studies of Health Care Interventions : A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: We performed a systematic review to assess whether we can quantify the underreporting of adverse events (AEs) in the published medical literature documenting the results of clinical trials as compared with other nonpublished sources, and whether we can measure the impact this underreporting has on systematic reviews of adverse events. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Studies were identified from 15 databases (including MEDLINE and Embase) and by handsearching, reference checking, internet searches, and contacting experts. The last database searches were conducted in July 2016. There were 28 methodological evaluations that met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 9 studies compared the proportion of trials reporting adverse events by publication status. The median percentage of published documents with adverse events information was 46% compared to 95% in the corresponding unpublished documents. There was a similar pattern with unmatched studies, for which 43% of published studies contained adverse events information compared to 83% of unpublished studies. A total of 11 studies compared the numbers of adverse events in matched published and unpublished documents. The percentage of adverse events that would have been missed had each analysis relied only on the published versions varied between 43% and 100%, with a median of 64%. Within these 11 studies, 24 comparisons of named adverse events such as death, suicide, or respiratory adverse events were undertaken. In 18 of the 24 comparisons, the number of named adverse events was higher in unpublished than published documents. Additionally, 2 other studies demonstrated that there are substantially more types of adverse events reported in matched unpublished than published documents. There were 20 meta-analyses that reported the odds ratios (ORs) and/or risk ratios (RRs) for adverse events with and without unpublished data. Inclusion of unpublished data increased the precision of the pooled estimates (narrower 95% confidence intervals) in 15 of the 20 pooled analyses, but did not markedly change the direction or statistical significance of the risk in most cases. The main limitations of this review are that the included case examples represent only a small number amongst thousands of meta-analyses of harms and that the included studies may suffer from publication bias, whereby substantial differences between published and unpublished data are more likely to be published. CONCLUSIONS: There is strong evidence that much of the information on adverse events remains unpublished and that the number and range of adverse events is higher in unpublished than in published versions of the same study. The inclusion of unpublished data can also reduce the imprecision of pooled effect estimates during meta-analysis of adverse events

The role of Cx36 and Cx43 in 4‐aminopyridine‐induced rhythmic activity in the spinal nociceptive dorsal horn: an electrophysiological study in vitro

Connexin (Cx) proteins and gap junctions support the formation of neuronal and glial syncytia that are linked to different forms of rhythmic firing and oscillatory activity in the CNS. In this study, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was used to profile developmental expression of two specific Cx proteins, namely glial Cx43 and neuronal Cx36, in postnatal lumbar spinal cord aged 4, 7, and 14 days. Extracellular electrophysiology was used to determine the contribution of Cx36 and Cx43 to a previously described form of 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP)‐induced 4–12 Hz rhythmic activity within substantia gelatinosa (SG) of rat neonatal dorsal horn (DH) in vitro. The involvement of Cx36 and Cx43 was probed pharmacologically using quinine, a specific uncoupler of Cx36 and the mimetic peptide blocker Gap 26 which targets Cx43. After establishment of 4–12 Hz rhythmic activity by 4‐AP (25 μmol/L), coapplication of quinine (250 μmol/L) reduced 4‐AP‐induced 4–12 Hz rhythmic activity (P < 0.05). Preincubation of spinal cord slices with Gap 26 (100 μmol/L), compromised the level of 4‐AP‐induced 4–12 Hz rhythmic activity in comparison with control slices preincubated in ACSF alone (P < 0.05). Conversely, the nonselective gap junction “opener” trimethylamine (TMA) enhanced 4–12 Hz rhythmic behavior (P < 0.05), further supporting a role for Cx proteins and gap junctions. These data have defined a physiological role for Cx36 and Cx43 in rhythmic firing in SG, a key nociceptive processing area of DH. The significance of these data in the context of pain and Cx proteins as a future analgesic drug target requires further study

Immunhistochemische Untersuchungen zum morphologischen Nachweis des Rechtsherzversagens bei pulmonalen Fettembolien

Die Fettembolie der Lunge ist ein lebensbedrohliches Ereignis, welches in einem tödlichen Rechtsherzversagen münden kann. Jedoch fehlt bislang ein histologisch-morphologischer Nachweis für den Ablauf dieses Geschehens. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, ein Rechtsherzversagen infolge einer Fettembolie mittels immunhistochemischer Untersuchungsmethoden nachzuweisen. Dazu wurden Fälle von Polytraumata mit Fällen unterschiedlicher Todesursache verglichen. Für jeden Fall wurde jeweils ein Schnitt aus rechtem und linkem Ventrikel mit den Färbeverfahren behandelt; die Reaktionen wurden semi-quantitativ graduiert. In der Studiengruppe waren signifikant überwiegende Nekrosen im rechten Ventrikel ausgeprägt, während in der Vergleichsgruppe signifikant überwiegende Nekrosen im linken Ventrikel festzustellen waren. Dieses Phänomen der überwiegenden rechtsventrikulären Nekrosen bei Fettembolien stellt als morphologisches Korrelat einen Beweis für ein abgelaufenes Rechtsherzversagen dar

2 kirja Karl Morgensternile, Göttingen

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1807529~S1*es

Characterization and Vector Competence Studies of Chikungunya Virus Lacking Repetitive Motifs in the 3′ Untranslated Region of the Genome

Using reverse genetics, we analyzed a chikungunya virus (CHIKV) isolate of the Indian Ocean lineage lacking direct repeat (DR) elements in the 3′ untranslated region, namely DR1a and DR2a. While this deletion mutant CHIKV-∆DR exhibited growth characteristics comparable to the wild-type virus in Baby Hamster Kidney cells, replication of the mutant was reduced in Aedes albopictus C6/36 and Ae. aegypti Aag2 cells. Using oral and intrathoracic infection of mosquitoes, viral infectivity, dissemination, and transmission of CHIKV-∆DR could be shown for the well-known CHIKV vectors Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Oral infection of Ae. vexans and Culex pipiens mosquitoes with mutant or wild-type CHIKV showed very limited infectivity. Dissemination, transmission, and transmission efficiencies as determined via viral RNA in the saliva were slightly higher in Ae. vexans for the wild-type virus than for CHIKV-∆DR. However, both Ae. vexans and Cx. pipiens allowed efficient viral replication after intrathoracic injection confirming that the midgut barrier is an important determinant for the compromised infectivity after oral infection. Transmission efficiencies were neither significantly different between Ae. vexans and Cx. pipiens nor between wild-type and CHIKV-∆DR. With a combined transmission efficiency of 6%, both Ae. vexans and Cx. pipiens might serve as potential vectors in temperate regions