Online Meat Cutting Optimisation

Nortura, Norway s largest producer of meat, faces many challenges in their operation. One of these challenges is to decide which products to make out of each of the slaughtered animals. The meat from the animals can be made into different products, some more valuable than others. However, someone has to buy the products as well. It is therefore important to produce what the customers ask for. This thesis is about a computer system based on online optimisation which helps the meat cutters decide what to make. Two different meat cutting plants have been visited to specify how the system should work. This information has been used to develop a program which can give a recommendation for what to produce from carcasses during cutting. The system has been developed by considering both the attributes of the animals and the orders from the customers. The main focus of the thesis is how to deal with the fact that the attributes are only known for a small number of the animals, since they are measured right after slaughtering. A method has been made to calculate what should be made from the different carcasses, and this method has been realised with both exact and heuristic algorithms

Recent Progress in the Computational Many-Body Theory of Metal Surfaces

In this article we describe recent progress in the computational many-body theory of metal surfaces, and focus on current techniques beyond the local-density approximation of density-functional theory. We overview various applications to ground and excited states. We discuss the exchange-correlation hole, the surface energy, and the work function of jellium surfaces, as obtained within the random-phase approximation, a time-dependent density-functional approach, and quantum Monte Carlo methods. We also present a survey of recent quasiparticle calculations of unoccupied states at both jellium and real surfaces.Comment: 17 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Comput. Phys. Commu

Female sterilization in India : The quality and effect of an observed sterilization camp at The Methodist Public Health Centre, Mursan, India

Population growth is a big challenge for India, and family planning is highly prioritized by the Government of India. Sterilization is the most common voluntary contraceptive method in India and has for many years been performed in camps. This thesis is based on our observation of a sterilization camp at the Methodist Public Health Centre in Mursan, India and available literature on the subject. We have looked closer at the effect of female sterilization as a method of contraception and the quality of the camp we observed. At the camp the laparoscopic Falope ring method was used. This method is apparently safe, effective and cheap. 167 women were sterilized in 6 hours at a local health clinic. We evaluated and compared the camp to mandatory guidelines for sterilization issued by the government and existing literature. We found the conditions better than recommended. Guidelines are necessary to prevent unacceptable conditions – individuals must be properly informed about the risks and benefits and be secured a minimal level of quality. Statistics from different states in India show a correlation between fertility rate and numbers of sterilized women

다목적함수 접근을 사용한 상태 기반 스케쥴링

학위논문(박사) - 한국과학기술원 : 산업및시스템공학과, 2013.2, [ vi, 81 p. ]Recently, semiconductor manufacturing fabs tend to reduce the wafer lot size, down to just a few. Consequently, the wafer recipe or wafer flow pattern changes frequently. For such problems it is impossible to apply conventional prevalent cyclic scheduling methods that repeat processing of wafers in an identical cyclic tool operation sequence. We therefore consider the non-cyclic scheduling problem encountered in cluster tool scheduling. In Chapter 2 we dealt with scheduling of single armed cluster tools. Single armed cluster tools have a simpler architecture than other configurations, but can be difficult to schedule when additional requirements such as re-entrant wafer flow, parallel chambers and multiple recipes are introduced. To solve these problems we proposed a method to transforms the problem into a multi-objective problem by considering the ready times of the resources as objectives to minimize. Only feasible states were generated based on the initial state of the system. These feasible states form a multi-objective shortest path problem and give us O((r+1)mn) as an upper bound for the number of states, where r, n, and m are the number of different wafer recipes, wafers, and processing chambers. We solved this problem with implicit enumeration by making our scheduling decisions based on the Pareto optimal solutions for each state. The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm can quickly solve large sized problems including ones with arbitrary initial tool states, changing recipes, re-entrant wafer flows, and parallel chambers. In Chapter 3 we developed a general scheduling algorithm for Petri nets. Petri nets are widely used for modelling and analysis of discrete event dynamic systems and are therefore suitable for scheduling more complex cluster tool architectures such as dual armed cluster tools. We defined a data structure for noncyclic Petri net scheduling problems and then transformed the scheduling problem into an equivalent multi-...한국과학기술원 : 산업및시스템공학과

Kan du leka med oss? : Olika perspektiv på pedagogers medverkan i barns fria lek på förskolan.

My essay is describing a dilemma of my own experience, of how you as a teacher should relate to the children´s free play at preschool and how you as a teacher relate to children´s invitations to play. The dilemma consists of whether preschool teachers should be participants in the children´s free play or merely be present at the side of the play and also what impact the teacher´s authority has in children´s free play. In the essay, I explore the concept of "free play". The purpose of my essay is to highlight the different perspectives of free play and the teacher´s participation. I do that by reflecting in terms of the scientific essay. The questions I have formulated based on my dilemma is: - Do I , as a teacher, have something to contribute with in children´s free play? - Am I, as a teacher, an authority that interferes with children´s free play and makes them adapt to my rules or can I instead serve as a support and inspiration in the free play without the play taking place on my terms? - What is actually free play?