DETERMINAÇÃO DO pH DE UM ARGISSOLO VERMELHO AMARELO distrófico INCUBADO COM APLICAÇÃO DE DOSES CRESCENTES DE CaCO3 POR DIFERENTES MÉTODOS

The objective of this work is to neutralize the effect of exchangeable acidity of a ULTISOL RED YELLOW dystrophic incubated with application of increasing doses of CaCO3. This work was performed at the Laboratory of Soil Science UEMA / CESI. Soil samples were collected in a ULTISOL RED YELLOW dystrophic in Exhibition Park of Imperatriz/MA, at 0-20 cm depth. After collecting the samples, they were carried to the laboratory, air-dried, then broken, passed through a sieve of 2 mm mesh size and homogenized and sample for chemical analysis routine. Soil samples were placed hatching increasing doses of calcium carbonate equivalent to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 10 t / ha (CaCO3), with ten repetitions, in a completely randomized design. After 30 days the start of incubation was taken from each experimental samples to determine the pH in water and CaCl2 in order to perform the comparison and correlation of these methods to study the soil. Significant difference between the pH values ??and between the methods used in determining and intense mineralization of organic matter.   KEYWORDS: calcium chloride, correlation, water.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determina o pH de um ARGISSOLO VERMELHO AMARELO distrófico por diferentes métodos após incubação com doses crescentes de CaCO3. O presente trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório de Solos da UEMA/CESI. As amostras de solo foram coletadas em um ARGISSOLO VERMELHO AMARELHO distrófico no Parque de Exposição de Imperatriz/MA, na camada de 0-20 cm de profundidade. Após a coleta das amostras, estas foram conduzidas para o laboratório, secas ao ar, depois destorroados, passadas em peneira de 2 mm de abertura de malha e homogeneizadas e amostra da para análise química de rotina. As amostras de solo foram postas para incubação doses crescentes de carbonato de cálcio equivalentes a 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 e 10 t.ha-1 (CaCO3), com dez repetições, em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Após 30 dias o inicio de incubação foi feita amostras de cada unidade experimental para determinar o pH em água e em CaCl2, a fim de realizar a comparação e correlação destes métodos para o solo estudado. Houve diferença significativa entre os valores de pH e entre os métodos usados na determinação e intensa mineralização da matéria orgânica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: água, cloreto de cálcio, correlação

A pseudomolecule assembly of the Rocky Mountain elk genome

Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus canadensis) populations have significant economic implications to the cattle industry, as they are a major reservoir for Brucella abortus in the Greater Yellowstone area. Vaccination attempts against intracellular bacterial diseases in elk populations have not been successful due to a negligible adaptive cellular immune response. A lack of genomic resources has impeded attempts to better understand why vaccination does not induce protective immunity. To overcome this limitation, PacBio, Illumina, and Hi-C sequencing with a total of 686-fold coverage was used to assemble the elk genome into 35 pseudomolecules. A robust gene annotation was generated resulting in 18,013 gene models and 33,422 mRNAs. The accuracy of the assembly was assessed using synteny to the red deer and cattle genomes identifying several chromosomal rearrangements, fusions and fissions. Because this genome assembly and annotation provide a foundation for genome-enabled exploration of Cervus species, we demonstrate its utility by exploring the conservation of immune system-related genes. We conclude by comparing cattle immune system-related genes to the elk genome, revealing eight putative gene losses in elk

INCUBAÇÃO DE ARGISSOLO VERMELHO AMARELO distrófico COM APLICAÇÃO DE DOSES CRESCENTES DE CaCO3 PARA NEUTRALIZAÇÃO DA ACIDEZ TROCÁVEL

    The objective of this work is to neutralize the effect of exchangeable acidity of a RED-YELLOW ARGISOIL dystrophic incubated with application of increasing doses of CaCO3. This work was performed at the Laboratory of Soil Science UEMA / CESI. Soil samples were collected in a RED-YELLOW ARGISOIL dystrophic in Exhibition Park of Imperatriz/MA, at 0-20 cm depth. After collecting the samples, they were carried to the laboratory, air-dried, then broken, passed through a sieve of 2 mm mesh size and mixed and routed to the soil laboratory for routine analysis. Soil samples were placed hatching increasing doses of calcium carbonate equivalent to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 10 t.ha-1 (CaCO3), with ten repetitions, in a completely randomized design. After 30 days the start of incubation was taken from each experimental samples to determine the exchangeable acidity (Al3+), in order to determine the equation of the curve and the neutralization of soil analysis. There were significant differences between treatments with respect to Al3+. The amount used to neutralize the exchangeable acidity determined by the regression equation for the study of soil in Exhibition Park of Imperatriz/MA was 8,8 t.ha-1 of CaCO3.   KEYWORDS: Aluminum. Neutralization curve. Production.        El objetivo de este estudio fue el de neutralizar el efecto de la acidez intercambiable de un ARGISSOL ROJO AMARILLO distrófico incubado con la aplicación de dosis crecientes de CaCO3. Este trabajo se realizó en el Laboratorio de Suelos UEMA/CESI. Las muestras de suelo se recogieron en ARGISSOL ROJO AMARILLO distrófico en Parque de Exposiciones de Imperatriz-MA en la profundidad de 0-20 cm. Después de recoger las muestras, se llevaron al laboratorio para secar al aire y destorroar pasandolas por una malla de 2 mm de tamaño para mezclar y envían al laboratorio de suelo para análisis de rutina. En las muestras de suelo se pusieron dosis crecientes de la eclosión equivalente a 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 y 10 t ha-1 (CaCO3) carbonato de calcio, con diez repeticiones utilizando un diseño experimental aleatorizado. Trinta días después de el inicio de incubación fueran tomadas las muestras de cada unidad experimental para determinación de la acidez intercambiable (Al3+), con el fin de determinar la curva y la ecuación de neutralización de la acidez intercambiable del suelo. Hubo diferencia significativa entre los tratamientos con respecto ao Al3+. La cantidad utilizada para neutralizar la acidez intercambiable determinada por la ecuación de regresión para el suelo de el Parque de Exposiciones de Imperatriz-MA que fue de 8.8 t ha-1 CaCO3.   PALABRAS-CLAVE: Aluminio. La Producción. Curva de neutralización.    O objetivo deste trabalho foi neutralizar o efeito da acidez trocável de um ARGISSOLO VERMELHO AMARELO distrófico incubado com aplicação de doses crescentes de CaCO3. O presente trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório de Solos da UEMA/CESI. As amostras de solo foram coletadas em um ARGISSOLO VERMELHO AMARELHO distrófico no Parque de Exposição de Imperatriz-MA, na camada de 0-20 cm de profundidade. Após a coleta das amostras, estas foram conduzidas para o laboratório, secas ao ar, depois destorroados, passadas em peneira de 2 mm de abertura de malha e homogeneizadas e encaminhadas para o laboratório de solos para análise de rotina. Nas amostras de solo foram postas para incubação doses crescentes de carbonato de cálcio equivalentes a 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 e 10 t.ha-1 (CaCO3), com dez repetições, em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Após 30 dias do início de incubação foi feita amostras de cada unidade experimental para determinar a acidez trocável (Al3+), a fim de determinar a curva e equação de neutralização da acidez trocável do solo. Houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos, em relação ao Al3+. A quantidade usada para neutralizar a acidez trocável determinada pela equação de regressão para o solo em estudo do Parque de Exposição de Imperatriz/MA foi de 8,8 t.ha-1 de CaCO3.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Alumínio. Curva de neutralização. Produção

Rational Design of Pathogen-Mimicking Amphiphilic Materials as Nanoadjuvants

An opportunity exists today for cross-cutting research utilizing advances in materials science, immunology, microbial pathogenesis, and computational analysis to effectively design the next generation of adjuvants and vaccines. This study integrates these advances into a bottom-up approach for the molecular design of nanoadjuvants capable of mimicking the immune response induced by a natural infection but without the toxic side effects. Biodegradable amphiphilic polyanhydrides possess the unique ability to mimic pathogens and pathogen associated molecular patterns with respect to persisting within and activating immune cells, respectively. The molecular properties responsible for the pathogen-mimicking abilities of these materials have been identified. The value of using polyanhydride nanovaccines was demonstrated by the induction of long-lived protection against a lethal challenge of Yersinia pestis following a single administration ten months earlier. This approach has the tantalizing potential to catalyze the development of next generation vaccines against diseases caused by emerging and re-emerging pathogens

Synthetic Toll Like Receptor-4 (TLR-4) Agonist Peptides as a Novel Class of Adjuvants

Background: Adjuvants serve as catalysts of the innate immune response by initiating a localized site of inflammation that is mitigated by the interactions between antigens and toll like receptor (TLR) proteins. Currently, the majority of vaccines are formulated with aluminum based adjuvants, which are associated with various side effects. In an effort to develop a new class of adjuvants, agonists of TLR proteins, such as bacterial products, would be natural candidates. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major structural component of gram negative bacteria cell walls, induces the systemic inflammation observed in septic shock by interacting with TLR-4. The use of synthetic peptides of LPS or TLR-4 agonists, which mimic the interaction between TLR-4 and LPS, can potentially regulate cellular signal transduction pathways such that a localized inflammatory response is achieved similar to that generated by adjuvants. Methodology/Principal Findings: We report the identification and activity of several peptides isolated using phage display combinatorial peptide technology, which functionally mimicked LPS. The activity of the LPS-TLR-4 interaction was assessed by NF-kB nuclear translocation analyses in HEK-BLUE TM-4 cells, a cell culture model that expresses only TLR-4, and the murine macrophage cell line, RAW264.7. Furthermore, the LPS peptide mimics were capable of inducing inflammatory cytokine secretion from RAW264.7 cells. Lastly, ELISA analysis of serum from vaccinated BALB/c mice revealed that the LPS peptide mimics act as a functional adjuvant

Multiparameter Telemetry as a Sensitive Screening Method to Detect Vaccine Reactogenicity in Mice

Refined vaccines and adjuvants are urgently needed to advance immunization against global infectious challenges such as HIV, hepatitis C, tuberculosis and malaria. Large-scale screening efforts are ongoing to identify adjuvants with improved efficacy profiles. Reactogenicity often represents a major hurdle to the clinical use of new substances. Yet, irrespective of its importance, this parameter has remained difficult to screen for, owing to a lack of sensitive small animal models with a capacity for high throughput testing. Here we report that continuous telemetric measurements of heart rate, heart rate variability, body core temperature and locomotor activity in laboratory mice readily unmasked systemic side-effects of vaccination, which went undetected by conventional observational assessment and clinical scoring. Even minor aberrations in homeostasis were readily detected, ranging from sympathetic activation over transient pyrogenic effects to reduced physical activity and apathy. Results in real-time combined with the potential of scalability and partial automation in the industrial context suggest multiparameter telemetry in laboratory mice as a first-line screen for vaccine reactogenicity. This may accelerate vaccine discovery in general and may further the success of vaccines in combating infectious disease and cancer