Threaded-nail Fasteners - Research and Standardization Needs

Threaded nail fasteners are commonly used in agricultural and commercial post-frame structures, yet there has been insufficient research to fully understand the effect of threads on withdrawal and lateral load resistance. The objective of this article is to review technical information on threaded nail fasteners and to identify problems facing manufacturers, designers, and users of threaded nail fasteners for engineering applications. Recommendations are given concerning research and standardization needs

The Upstream Direct Repeat Sequence of Prague A Rous Sarcoma Virus Is Deficient in Mediating Efficient Gag Assembly and Particle Release

AbstractRous sarcoma virus (RSV) contains two ∼135-nt imperfect direct repeats composed of smaller repeats, dr1 (∼100 nt) and dr2 (∼36 nt), that are between theenvandsrcgenes and downstream ofsrcin the 3′ untranslated region, respectively. It has previously been shown that a Prague A RSV mutant in which both dr1 sequences are deleted is defective at several points in the virus life cycle, including unspliced RNA andenvmRNA stability, unspliced RNA transport, and virus particle assembly. A defect in unspliced RNA transport occurs because a cytoplasmic transport element is present within the dr1. We have suggested that the defect of particle production may arise from the failure of the unspliced RNA to be targeted to sites in the cytoplasm where its translation is favorable for Gag protein assembly. In this report, we have further investigated the function of the direct repeats by comparing virus mutants containing either a single upstream or downstream dr1 sequence. Both mutants were delayed in replication compared to the wild-type; the mutant with a single upstream dr1 (ΔDDR) is significantly more defective than the mutant with a single downstream dr1 (ΔUDR). While both mutants appear capable of efficiently transporting unspliced RNA to the cytoplasm, the ΔDDR mutant with only the upstream dr1 is defective in its ability to support Gag assembly and particle release. The replication defect cannot be repaired by placing the upstream dr1 at the location of the downstream dr1 in the 3′ untranslated region. A single point mutation in the upstream dr1 (U to C) restored replication and particle production to near normal levels. The results suggest that unspliced RNA transport and Gag assembly functions may be mediated by different elements within the dr1 and that the Prague A upstream dr1 is defective in the latter but not the former function

La lithotritie par laser, un regard vers l'avenir? [Lithotripsy with a laser, a look toward the future?]

In the last few years the treatment of urinary calculi has been dramatically transformed by new endoscopic methods and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Laser lithotripsy is in keeping with this evolution. After a short description of the principle of laser lithotripsy, a prototype pulsed dye laser lithotriptor, developed by the Centre d'applications laser, Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne, is presented. This device is compared with other lasers proposed for the same application

The Yeast Alix Homolog Bro1 Functions as a Ubiquitin Receptor for Protein Sorting into Multivesicular Endosomes

SummarySorting of ubiquitinated membrane proteins into lumenal vesicles of multivesicular bodies is mediated by the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) apparatus and accessory proteins such as Bro1, which recruits the deubiquitinating enzyme Doa4 to remove ubiquitin from cargo. Here we propose that Bro1 works as a receptor for the selective sorting of ubiquitinated cargos. We found synthetic genetic interactions between BRO1 and ESCRT-0, suggesting that Bro1 functions similarly to ESCRT-0. Multiple structural approaches demonstrated that Bro1 binds ubiquitin via the N-terminal trihelical arm of its middle V domain. Mutants of Bro1 that lack the ability to bind Ub were dramatically impaired in their ability to sort Ub-cargo membrane proteins, but only when combined with hypomorphic alleles of ESCRT-0. These data suggest that Bro1 and other Bro1 family members function in parallel with ESCRT-0 to recognize and sort Ub-cargos

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOGISTICS PERFORMANCE AND EDUCATION

Logistics occupations require skills that involve blue- and white-collar activities and different levels of educational skills. With the increase in global trade and competition, the varying skills necessary for different parts of the logistics sector have attracted attention. In this regard, this empirical study examines the relationship between logistics performance indicators and education assessment scores and identifies associations. The presented results, by using canonical correlation analysis, indicate that certain education assessment scores contribute more to improving logistics performance than do other variables. The variables that influence logistics performance are also highlighted

Carbon storage potential of harvested wood: summary and policy implications

Carbon sequestration, Greenhouse gas emissions, Harvested wood products, Offsets, Life-cycle assessment,