Шевченкове слово на уроках читання в початковій школі

У статті проаналізовано поезії Тараса Шевченка, що вивчаються на уроках читання в початкових класах.В статье анализируются стихотворения Тараса Шевченко, которые изучаются в начальных классах.The article deals with Taras Shevchenko’s poetry studied at the primary school reading lessons

Quantitative parameters in dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for the detection and characterization of prostate cancer

Objectives: to assess the diagnostic accuracy of quantitative parameters of DCE-MRI in multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) in comparison to the histopathology (including Gleason grade) of prostate cancer.Patients and methods: 150 men with suspected prostate cancer (abnormal digital rectum examination and or elevated prostate-specific antigen) received pre-biopsy 3T mpMRI and were recruited into peer-reviewed, protocol-based prospective study. The DCE-MRI quantitative parameters (Ktrans (influx transfer constant) and kep (efflux rate constant)) of the cancerous and normal areas were recorded using four different kinetic models employing Olea Sphere (Olea Medical, La Ciotat, France). The correlation between these parameters and the histopathology of the lesions (biopsy and in a sub-cohort 41 radical prostatectomy specimen) was assessed.Results: The quantitative parameters showed a significant difference between non-cancerous (benign) and cancerous lesions (Gleason score≥3+3) in the prostate gland. The cut-off values for prostate cancer differentiation were: Ktrans (0.205 min-1) and kep (0.665 min-1) in the extended Tofts model (ET) and Ktrans(0.205 min-1 and kep (0.63 min-1) in the Lawrence and Lee delay (LD) models respectively. The mean Ktrans value also showed a difference between low-grade cancer (Gleason score=3+3) and high-grade cancer (Gleason score ≥ 3+4). With the addition of DCE-MRI quantitative parameters, the sensitivity of the PIRAD scoring system was increased from 56.6% to 92.1% (Ktrans_ET), 93.1% (kep_ET), 91.0%, (Ktrans_LD) and 89.4% (kep_LD).Conclusion: Quantitative DCE-MRI parameters improved the diagnostic performance of conventional MRI in distinguishing normal and prostate cancers, including characterization of grade of cancers. The ET and LD models in post-image processing analysis provided better cut-off values for prostate cancer differentiation than the other quantitative DCE-MRI parameters

The Impact of the Extent of Lymphadenectomy on Oncologic Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer : A Systematic Review

Copyright © 2014 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Peer reviewedPostprin

Management strategy after diagnosis of Abernethy malformation: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>The Abernethy malformation is a rare anomaly with a widely variable clinical presentation. Many diagnostic dilemmas have been reported. Nowadays, with the evolution of medical imaging, diagnosis can be made more easily, but management of patients with an Abernethy malformation is still open for discussion.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>In this case study, we describe a 34-year-old Caucasian man who presented with a large hepatocellular carcinoma in the presence of an Abernethy malformation, which was complicated by the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This case underlines the importance of regular examination of patients with an Abernethy malformation, even in older patients, to prevent complications and to detect liver lesions at an early stage.</p

The predictive value of Golgi Protein 73 in differentiating benign from malignant liver tumors

Introduction: In the work up of primary solid liver lesions it is essential to differentiate correctly between benign and malignant tumors, such as hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) respectively. A promising new marker to detect HCC is Golgi Protein 73 (GP73). Studies comparing patients with HCC and cirrhosis with normal controls suggested that GP73 is specific for patients with HCC; however, patients with other liver tumors were not included. We therefore studied the predictive value of GP73 in differentiating between solid benign and malignant liver tumors. Materials and Methods: This study included 264 patients: 88 patients with HCC, 88 with hepatocellular adenoma (HCA), and 88 with focal nodal hyperplasia (FNH). A blood sample was collected from each patient to measure GP73 levels using a quantitative ELISA assay and differences in outcome between subgroups were compared. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity and specificity of GP73 were calculated and compared to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. Results: When comparing malignant and benign liver tumors the area under ROC was 0.701 and 0.912 for GP73 and AFP respectively. Test characteristics revealed a sensitivity of 60% for GP73 and 65% for AFP; in addition the specificity was 77% for GP73 and 96% for AFP. Conclusion: Although the literature suggests that GP73 is a valuable serum marker in patients with HCC, the serum concentration may also be increased in patients with solid benign liver tumors. Therefore, a GP73 assay is less suitable for discriminating between primary malignant and benign tumors of the liver

Magnetoencephalography to explore the cortical effects of chronic pain and spinal cord stimulation

In this thesis, we aim to further elucidate the cortical effects of chronic pain and the mechanisms of action of spinal cord stimulation (SCS), a treatment for chronic pain, using magnetoencephalography (MEG). The research also examines the potential of MEG features for classifying pain and SCS treatment effect through machine learning.Key findings include the identification of increased slow alpha-band brain activity in patients with chronic pain, highlighting significant differences in various cortical and subcortical regions, also in areas not typically associated with pain processing. A review of existing studies on SCS and resting-state MEG or electroencephalography (EEG) revealed heterogeneous study designs, stimulation paradigms, and outcome measures. Common findings were modulation of different pain pathways for different stimulation paradigms and evidence pointing to modulation of thalamocortical pathways. Resting-state MEG in patients with SCS showed no statistically significant differences in the spectral features of interest among three different SCS paradigms or between responders and nonresponders. This suggests personalized treatment plans are necessary. Machine learning models applied to the acquired MEG data showed promising results in classifying chronic pain, but struggled classifying SCS treatment effect.Additionally, we investigated the effects of conditioned pain modulation (CPM) on neural oscillations in subjects with and without chronic pain. CPM induced a reduction in pain ratings and desynchronization of the beta band (15-35 Hz) sensorimotor cortex responses to electrical pain. The thesis concludes with recommendations for future research, emphasizing the need for larger sample sizes and taking into account confounders of pain in patient selection.<br/

Magnetoencephalography to explore the cortical effects of chronic pain and spinal cord stimulation

In this thesis, we aim to further elucidate the cortical effects of chronic pain and the mechanisms of action of spinal cord stimulation (SCS), a treatment for chronic pain, using magnetoencephalography (MEG). The research also examines the potential of MEG features for classifying pain and SCS treatment effect through machine learning.Key findings include the identification of increased slow alpha-band brain activity in patients with chronic pain, highlighting significant differences in various cortical and subcortical regions, also in areas not typically associated with pain processing. A review of existing studies on SCS and resting-state MEG or electroencephalography (EEG) revealed heterogeneous study designs, stimulation paradigms, and outcome measures. Common findings were modulation of different pain pathways for different stimulation paradigms and evidence pointing to modulation of thalamocortical pathways. Resting-state MEG in patients with SCS showed no statistically significant differences in the spectral features of interest among three different SCS paradigms or between responders and nonresponders. This suggests personalized treatment plans are necessary. Machine learning models applied to the acquired MEG data showed promising results in classifying chronic pain, but struggled classifying SCS treatment effect.Additionally, we investigated the effects of conditioned pain modulation (CPM) on neural oscillations in subjects with and without chronic pain. CPM induced a reduction in pain ratings and desynchronization of the beta band (15-35 Hz) sensorimotor cortex responses to electrical pain. The thesis concludes with recommendations for future research, emphasizing the need for larger sample sizes and taking into account confounders of pain in patient selection.<br/

New insights along the gut-liver axis in cardiometabolic disease

In this thesis we targeted the human gut microbiome for the development of therapeutic strategies in metabolic disorders. In chapter 3 we performed a randomized placebo-controlled cross-over study in individuals with the metabolic syndrome in which we showed that a single duodenal infusion of A. soehngenii improved peripheral glycemic control. In chapter 4 we studied the effect of a 2 weeks oral A. soehngenii treatment in individuals with T2D treated with metformin on their glycemic control.The second part of the thesis focused on MASLD, currently the most common cause of chronic liver dysfunction worldwide. In chapter 5 we reviewed the gut microbial and gut microbial-derived metabolite signatures associated with the development and disease progression of MASLD. To dissect causality of intestinal microbiota in MASLD, in chapter 6 we performed a single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled proof-of-principle pilot study comparing the effect of three 8-weekly lean vegan donor FMT versus autologous FMT on the severity of MASLD, using liver biopsies in individuals with hepatic steatosis on ultrasound. Moreover, we aimed to identify and validate noninvasive diagnostic methods in disease progression in MASLD. Hence, in chapter 7 we examined the diagnostic performance of multiparametric MRI for the assessment of disease severity along the MASLD disease spectrum with comparison to histological scores

Magnetoencephalography to explore the cortical effects of chronic pain and spinal cord stimulation

In this thesis, we aim to further elucidate the cortical effects of chronic pain and the mechanisms of action of spinal cord stimulation (SCS), a treatment for chronic pain, using magnetoencephalography (MEG). The research also examines the potential of MEG features for classifying pain and SCS treatment effect through machine learning.Key findings include the identification of increased slow alpha-band brain activity in patients with chronic pain, highlighting significant differences in various cortical and subcortical regions, also in areas not typically associated with pain processing. A review of existing studies on SCS and resting-state MEG or electroencephalography (EEG) revealed heterogeneous study designs, stimulation paradigms, and outcome measures. Common findings were modulation of different pain pathways for different stimulation paradigms and evidence pointing to modulation of thalamocortical pathways. Resting-state MEG in patients with SCS showed no statistically significant differences in the spectral features of interest among three different SCS paradigms or between responders and nonresponders. This suggests personalized treatment plans are necessary. Machine learning models applied to the acquired MEG data showed promising results in classifying chronic pain, but struggled classifying SCS treatment effect.Additionally, we investigated the effects of conditioned pain modulation (CPM) on neural oscillations in subjects with and without chronic pain. CPM induced a reduction in pain ratings and desynchronization of the beta band (15-35 Hz) sensorimotor cortex responses to electrical pain. The thesis concludes with recommendations for future research, emphasizing the need for larger sample sizes and taking into account confounders of pain in patient selection.<br/